Daftar Isi
CRITICAL ISSUES ON FORCED MIGRATION STUDIES AND THE REFUGEE CRISIS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
Riwanto Tirtosudarmo
Abstrak
Artikel ini adalah sebuah review tentang diskursus yang berkembang mengenai migrasi terpaksa di Asia Tenggara. Dengan berakhirnya periode Perang Dingin, mobilitas penduduk memasuki sebuah era ketidakpastian yang baru. Perang antarnegara telah menghasilkan para pengungsi yang sebagian mencari tempat yang aman di negara-negara tetangga atau bermukim di daerah perbatasan. Dalam kondisi keamanan semacam ini, studi-studi tentang mobilitas penduduk sudah semestinya beranjak dari kerangka berpikir dan paradigma lama, yang umumnya bertolak dari teori-teori modernisasi. Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk yang melakukan migrasi terpaksa, yang dalam banyak kasus disebabkan oleh kegagalan negara dalam menyelesaikan konflik-konflik politiknya, merupakan tantangan kritis bagi studi migrasi konvensional yang umumnya tidak menganggap penting faktor politik dan keamanan dalam analisis-analisisnya. Biasanya, secara akademis, migrasi terpaksa dibedakan ke dalam tiga kelompok, berdasarkan alasan yang menyebabkannya: konflik, pembangunan, dan bencana alam. Di Asia Tenggara, konflik internal yang melahirkan IDPs dan pengungsi, yang kemudian bermukim di daerah perbatasan atau negara tetangga, sering kali merupakan akibat dari pertentangan antara elite politik atau faksi-faksi yang berbeda dalam pemerintahan, yang kemudian mengimbas pada ketegangan masyarakat di tingkat akar rumput. Artikel ini mengemukakan bahwa diperlukan sebuah cara pandang baru yang tidak lagi bersifat Eropa sentries untuk memahami keterkaitan migrasi-pembangunan-keamanan di Asia Tenggara. Kegagalan rezim internasional dalam menanggapi isu-isu kritis dan krisis pengungsi, juga mencerminkan kegagalan kerja sama internasional dalam membangun kerangka kerja regional yang bisa diandalkan untuk menangani masalah pengungsi dan IDPs.
Kata kunci: Konflik politik, migrasi terpaksa, kerangka regional
RELEVANSI KARYA PENELITIAN
MIGRASI DALAM PEMBANGUNAN
Suko Bandiyono
Abstract
Migration issue has been neglected during the last decade, although it has a significant relation with development issue. Migration, as a part of demographic component, has changed demographic structure and the society life. This article reviews the existing migration-related publications, describes migration experiences of the society and highlights their relations with development. This article suggests that migration should be taken into account as an independent variable when examining population phenomena.
Keyword: Migration studies, National development
MOBILITAS PENDUDUK MUSIMAN
DI KOTA SURABAYA:
Dampaknya Terhadap Lingkungan Permukiman Kumuh
Haning Romdiati dan
Mita Noveria
Abstract
This article discusses temporary migrants and its impact on slums area in Surabaya. The influx of temporary migrants to Surabaya is more likely to be regarded as negative, instead of positive impacts. This is because temporary migrants mostly engage in the informal sector and live in slums and squatters. Most temporary migrants come to Surabaya in search of work to improve their life. They tend to ignore the regulation of population administration (especially related to identity card of temporary population in the city, namely KIPEM) as well as settlement regulation (live in squatters). The influx of temporary migrants to slums and squatters is a reality that cannot be ignored. To prohibit the flow of temporary migrants coming to the city through ‘close policy’ is difficult to be established, because the policy opposed to human rights. Therefore, the policy needed is to give them a room the city. However, the city government has to implement the population and settlement regulation strictly and provide them with easily access to public facilities.
Keyword: Population mobility, Temporary migrant, Slum and squatter, Population regristration
PENDUDUK, OTONOMI KHUSUS, DAN
FENOMENA KONFLIK
DI TANAH PAPUA
La Pona
Abstract
The dynamic of population in Papua region dominant influenced by migration process, and create plural societies in urban and rural area. The dynamic of population produce the specific of social structure, social stratification, and social networking in this society which are multi race, multi ethnic, multi cultural, multi religion, and multi region. This condition must be careful, because of having positif and negatif inpact in development process. That condition could make the social strained condition, weakness capacity of social receive, and conflict situation which must be understood. The social-political conditions influenced the conflict construction in this plural society. To Create the awarness, common will, political will, social networking, and cross cutting affiliation in this plural society are very important to avoid or minimize the social strained, controversy, dispute, contradiction, opposition, resistance, or conflict in this plural society.
Keyword: Population, Plural, Politic, Conflict
KESIAPSIAGAAN MASYARAKAT:
PARADIGMA BARU PENGELOLAAN BENCANA ALAM
DI INDONESIA
Deny Hidayati
Abstract
ndonesia lost hundreds of thousands of its people lives due to tsunami and earthquakes. A huge number of live lost reflects that the community preparedness was very low, mainly due to their lack of knowledge and awareness about these natural hazards and their negative impacts. The Indonesian government and its people used to be focused their activities on emergency response, rehabilitation and reconstruction phases. Community preparedness was not the priority in the management of disaster. The Aceh giant disaster has become a momentum to change the paradigm of disaster management by increasing community preparedness. As a natural disaster risk hotspot, most of Indonesian people are in vulnerable condition, leaving in high risk areas. Although having horrible experience of earthquakes and tsunamis, the community in high risk areas in the District of Padang Pariaman, Serang, Cilacap and Sikka, and the City of Bengkulu are still not enough prepared in anticipating the natural disasters. Public education and community preparedness therefore are crucially and urgently needed to reduce the disaster risks.
Keyword: Preparedness, Community, Disaster, Natural
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