Daftar Isi
BENCANA DALAM PANDANGAN ISLAM
Jusmaliani
(Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia)
Abstract
The history of disaster can be traced back to the period of time before the existence of human kind, and will continue until the end of time. From Islamic point of view disaster is a sign from God for us to reflect on our mistakes. The cause of disaster is still debatable; most scientists blame it on human activities, while several of them believe it to be a natural phenomenon. This paper aims to provide early information about disaster, the equilbrium of the universe, the causes of disaster, as well as the relationship between disaster and human behavior seen from Islamic point of view and scientific perspective. Finally this paper also tries to describe how Islamic teachings suggest the way to cope with disaster.
BENCANA ALAM DALAM PERSPEKTIF LOKAL DAN PERSPEKTIF KRISTIANI
John Haba
(Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia )
Abstract
In the last fifteen years, natural disaster has been occurring everywhere, particularly in Indonesia. The last tsunami that hit Aceh Darussalam and Nias on December 26, 2004 caused hundred upon thousands people lose their lives. Besides that, forest fires, volcano eruption, floods, droughts and climate changes have all contributed to the suffering of human kind worldwide, particularly the Indonesian people. Coping with those calamities, various actions and relief programs have been carried out by both government agencies and private organizations either national or international. Despite the fact that various kinds of assistance have been provided, pain, suffering and traumatic feelings are still persisting in the life of many families who survived the disaster. Confronted with casualties as a consequence of natural disasters, people in general and the affected people in particular continue to investigate the roots of the disaster; by focusing on various factors, ranging from religious dimensions, cultural perspectives or scientific bases. This article analyses two cardinal issues namely: Christianity's framework of thinking on natural disasters and social disasters, headed by a brief analysis on people in Gunung Merapi and Papua's views on natural phenomenon and its potential threat; and how people in the affected areas respond to the tragedies that have overthrown people's life.
BENCANA DALAM PERSPEKTIF AGAMA BUDHA
Thung Ju Lan (Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia )
Abstract
This paper tries to show how Buddhist monks in particular perceive natural disasters on the basis of their religious beliefs and teachings. The focus of discussion is whether their understanding of natural disasters is related to "karma" as one of the most important Buddhist principles, or whether there are other explanations.
KEARIFAN EKOLOGI DALAM BUDAYA BATAK SEBAGAI UPAYA MENCEGAH BENCANA ALAM
Robert Siburian (Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia)
Abstract
The impact of deforestation has disturbed the balance of the world's ecology system. Deforestation has created flooding, landslide and global warming. The actors of deforestation just want to benefit economically from forest areas, for instance from timber. In fact, besides direct economic value, forest still have another value-which can be useful for human beings-called environmental benefits. In today's world, this value has become more important than ever before. Deforestation can be prevented if the actors return to ecological wisdom in their culture. The Batak people all around the Indonesian archipelago also have their own ecological wisdom that can be implemented to prevent disaster, however, its implementation is still in question. The reason is that thoose who have this wisdom do not automatically implement it in their daily life. In fact, in the region where the people of Batak live specifically around Lake Toba, the level of deforestation is also high and has caused water reduction in the Lake Toba. Based on the phenomenon above, this paper tries to explain the ecological wisdom in Batak culture, and the relation between Batak people and their environment. This paper is based on literature studies.
BENCANA SIAPA, UNTUK BERENCANA APA: Masa Lalu Gempa Jawa untuk Indonesia Masa Kini
Budi Susanto SJ (Lembaga Studi Realino, Universitas Sanata Dharma )
Abstract
The failure to acknowledge people, who are affected by natural or human-made disasters as survivors, has made them treated as people without history. To call them victims, more over, has made them exploited politically by certain Indonesian ruling class who believes in history without people. This article aims to deconstruct thoughts, words, and reality of the May 2006 Java Earthquake survivors. It should also be remembered that injusttice and human rights violations, are often made possible due to the silence of the victims as well as to the deceit and greed of the prepetrators.
BENCANA ALAM: DAMPAK DAN PENANGANAN SOSIAL EKONOMI
Siwage Dharma Negara dan Pakasa Bary (Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia dan Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Indonesia)
Abstract
This paper discusses the social and economic implications of disasters along with their rationale. Natural disasters may lead to severe capital shocks that distort the flow of goods and services in economy. Former empirical studies suggest that there is an inconsistency in analyzing macro impacts using the usual assumptions due to temporary changes in the utility function. Disasters must be handled by ex-ante and ex-post policies. Because of limited funds and resources, cost and benefit analysis of disater adjustment should be applied to obtain an optimum outcome.
DISERTASI: DAMPAK PERUBAHAN SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN DESA TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN DI PEDESAAN MALUKU
Venda Jolanda Pical (Disertasi bidang Teknologi Kelautan di Institut Pertanian Bogor, 26 April 2007)
Abstract
The governance system in Indonesia has changed several regulations. Such change has influenced village-level government system, which in turn can affect marine and fisheries management in Molluca villages. The objectives of this research were to analyze the impact of changes in villages government system on the management of fisheries resources in Molluca villages. The observation unit of the study was village; there were 61 villages studied. Data were collected through some interviews, field observation, and diary notes. Some observed changes in the village government system included government system, head of government, government structure, executive, legislative, and judicative components, and practices in the management of the fisheries resources accessible to the villagers. The analyses revealed the existance of a community-based resources management locally called sasi; the sasi has been reactivated to promote local governance in relation to resource management. Changes in village government have affected performance of village-level management. However, there was no significant difference in the management performance between sasi and non-sasi villages. Some policies are proposed to maintain and revitalize the sasi as an effective village level management system. These include the strengthening of village-based institution by a support system that can empower human resources through educational processes and community engagement in sustainable development practices.
DISERTASI: ISLAM DAN KRISTEN DI PEDESAAN JAWA: KAJIAN KONFLIK SOSIAL KEAGAMAAN DAN EKONOMI POLITIK DI PEDESAAN PEGUNUNGAN DIENG
M. Alie Humaedi (Disertasi bidang Sosiologi-Antropologi Agama di Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 29 Februari 2008)
Abstract
There are not too many studies that discuss Moslems and Christians in Indonesia in terms of religious and politico-sociological relationship that is based on a social historical analysis. The existing studies focus mainly on the relationship between religious behavior and the affiliation of political parties. This study aims to analyze the interplay between religious politics, party politics, and the rural local potentials that comprise different kinds of legitimacies. Special attention is given to the question as to how outsiders with their own religious missions, understanding, political belief, and political economic production/distribution deal with the local rural ownership of political and economic resources.
TINJAUAN BUKU: MELIHAT PERAN TOKOH DI BALIK LAYAR PERDAMAIAN ACEH
Farid Husain
(To See the Unseen: Kisah di Balik damai Aceh. Penerbit Health and Hospital Indonesia, Jakarta, 2007). Ditinjau Oleh: Tri Ratnawati (Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia)
TINJAUAN BUKU: BUKU FILSAFAT BAHASA YANG MENJAUH DARI KONSEP DASAR FILSAFAT
Kinayati Djojosuroto (Filsafat Bahasa, Jakarta: Pustaka Book Publisher, 2007) Ditinjau Oleh: Katubi (Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia)