ISSN 0216-1087: JURNAL PENELITIAN POLITIK, Volume 5 No. 1, 2008

Penanggung Jawab : Dr. Ikrar Nusa Bhakti. Pemimpin Usaha: Agus R. Rahman. Pemimpin Redaksi: Moch. Nurhasim. Wakil Pemred: Heru Cahyono. Dewan Redaksi: Ikrar Nusa Bhakti, Syamsuddin Haris, Tri Ratnawati, M. Hamdan Basyar, Awani Irewati, Dhuroruddin Mashad, Adriana Elizabeth. Redaksi Pelaksana: Sri Yanuarti, Firman Noor, Lili Romli, Ganewati Wuryandari, Riefqi Munai. Sekretaris Redaksi: Nanto Sriyanto, Nyimas Letty Latiffah Aziz. Bendahara: Sarah Nuraini, Eko HS. Produksi dan Sirkulasi: Abu Bakar, Syamsuri, Rita. Editor Bahasa: Nanik Supriyanti. Layouter: Prapti Sasiwi.

Alamat Redaksi: P2P-LIPI, Widya Graha LIPI, Lantai XI, Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto No. 10, Jakarta 12710. Telp. (021) 525 1542, ext. 757, 763; Faks. (021) 520 7118

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Daftar Isi

LAKUNA PEMIMPIN VERSUS KRISTALISASI POLITIK
Mochtar Pabottingi

Abstract
For at least the last five year of the Reform Efforts in Indonesia there has been a loud clamor concerning the serious dearth of leadership precisely at the time when it is most needed —a grim fact that has indeed affected the morale of the nation. Indonesia has become a leaderless country. Unfortunately, no one tries to unravel the serious dearth.At close examination, we find layers of wrong political practices that has over time undermined the normal recruitment process. This paper traces the layers from the very beginning of the New Order to the present stage of the Reform Efforts, including negligence in political science theories. The politics of depoliticization, the systemic nipping of the buds of leadership, the absence of regime change in the true sense of the word, the hampering of the initiative for a transitional constitution, the insincerity of initiative toward truth and reconciliation commission, the eruption of horizontal conflicts, the practice of impunity, and introduction of anachronistic politics, if in reverse manner, along the New Order and in the current Era of Reform Efforts —all this blurs the distinction between what is right and what is wrong in politics and malignantly compromising ethical standards. These were eight roots that have made leadership doomed. Above all, however, the leadership lacuna has a great deal to do with the trampling down of the concern for nation and/or nationhood, especially the severity of corruption among so-called “people’s representative” and with the flagrant abuse of regional autonomy. The greater the political collectivity is slighted and confused with forces of petty irrationalities and/or primordialism, the more numerous the distortions of leadership become. The author maintains that only a conscious undertaking towards political crystallization could Indonesia recovers its leadership, i.e., by the inculcation of the respectability of politics and of political profession, by sharpening of the understanding of our nation’s blue print and by heeding the imperative of nation in democracy, by separating the business of state from that of religion and/or primordial concern, and by making room for transitional rulings in the next constitutional amendment in order to get rid of the numerous vicious circles brought about by the distortions of the transitional period as well as the anachronistic policies.

MASALAH KELEMBAGAAN PARTAI POLITIK DI INDONESIA PASCA-ORDE BARU
Lili Romli

Abstract
In contemporary reform era, political parties in Indonesia facing many problems. The public image of political party was not good due to their lack of capabilities to function well. This functional problem derived from the institutional problem of political parties. In this paper, there are three crucial institutional problems that have to be solved by political party : 1) ideology and platform; 2) cohesivity and conflict management; and 3) political recruitment and forming of cadres.

REFORMASI BIROKRASI LOKAL MELALUI PELAYANAN TERPADU
R. Siti Zuhro

Abstract
During the transition period, societal forces participated much more in the formation of policy. This suggests that the real and significant role of societal forces and the strengthening of the political participation of the people has become crucial in contemporary Indonesia. Decentralization and regional autonomy would be hard to realize without the local buraeucracy being reformed. Thus, the establishment of best practices in some regions in Indonesia shows clearly that as a mater of fact, although the benefit of decentralization has not been substantively felt by most regions, some regions have been capable of making positive breakthroughs in the form of improvement of their public services, either in the education sector or in healthcare like what has happened in Jembrana Regency (Bali), or services to attract investment like what the Sidoarjo Regency (East Java), Gianyar (Bali), and Tarakan (East Kalimantan) have shown.

EVALUASI SEPULUH TAHUN REFORMASI POLRI
Sarah Nuraini Siregar

Abstract
The reform of the Indonesian Police Institution (Polri) was one of the Indonesian ‘reformasi’ demand that began in 1998. This aspect was the reason behind the emergence of many policies related with efforts to reform Polri in structural, instrumental and cultural aspects. These efforts were part of internal reform of Polri and admittedly, it showed that there has been significant changes in Polri in terms of its organization system. However, these efforts have not been able to create maximum results due to some constraints, not only from internal Polri, but also from government regulation assumed to be normative. As a consequence, there were still barriers for Polri to fulfill the ‘reformasi’ demand and to act in proportional and professional way.

POLITIK LUAR NEGERI INDONESIA: REFLEKSI DAN PREDIKSI 10 TAHUN
Ganewati Wuryandari

Abstract
In the last ten years, Indonesia has seen some principal changes in international and domestic affairs. As a result, Indonesian foreign policy need to be harmonized with these changes for contemporary and future interests. Ideally, this harmonization need to be addressed in conceptual framework and foreign policy strategy which refers to national interests projection based on priority scale and national capabilities’ reality. In a reflective way, this paper was looking back to the way Indonesian foreign policy in the reform era (1998-2008) responded to some international and domestic changes and how Indonesian foreign policy direction in the next ten years might be that is based on future issues, problems and global challenges which potentially influence Indonesian foreign policy.  

DINAMIKA PERAN ULAMA DALAM PERPOLITIKAN NASIONAL PASCA-ORDE BARU
M. Hamdan Basyar

Abstract
In Indonesian national politics, the ulema (clerics) can be categorized in three groups. First, are those who percieved that religious and social life cannot be separated. There is no such separation in Islam. Therefore, they think that the involvement of ulema in a daily political matters is an obligation. This group of ulema play significant role and actively involved in political party. Second, those who also think that religious and social life, including politics, cannot be separated. But they think it is not necessary for them to involve in political practice. This group of ulema, even they concern with political and statehood problem, they do not play as opponents of one of political party openly. In the election, this group of ulema participate to vote one of contestant, but they do not participate in one of political party campaign. Third, those who do not care with political life. They think that political life is not their significant concern. This group limit their role only in moral religious matters. They avoid political life as they think that it is “too material world.” 

NASIONALISME, DEMOKRATISASI, DAN SENTIMEN PRIMORDIALISME DI INDONESIA: PROBLEMATIKA IDENTITAS KEETNISAN VERSUS KEINDONESIAAN (Studi Kasus Aceh, Papua, Bali, dan Riau)
Firman Noor

Abstract
This research explores, theoretically, the reasons behind the emergence of primordial sentiment in Indonesia in the era of democratization. The research indicates six factors that determine this phenomenon namely, the continuation of incorrect interpretation about the true meaning of Indonesia, the existence of formalistic understanding on the role of religion in the state, economical disparity, political injustice, and state domination in interpreting national symbols. In this regards, the research finds that mismanage in governing people and the repressive tendency of previous government as the trigger of the emergence of primordial sentiment in reformasi era.

PERAN ELIT LOKAL DALAM REINTEGRASI GERAKAN ACEH MERDEKA (gam) PASCA MoU HELSINKI
M. Hamdan Basyar

Abstract
Reintegration is not an easy task. There are economics, politics, social, and psychological problems from ex-combatants when they have to reintegrate with its societies. Due to the complexities of reintegration problems, it needs comprehensive, continued and synergy cooperation among them. From field research, there are some conditions that need to be addressed in order to create a good reintegration program. Firstly, it needs to create conditions that could build integrative behaviour from some groups towards implementation of Helsinki MoU. Secondly, it needs to build democracy infrastructure at local level as instrument of transfunction conflict. Thirdly, it needs central government consistency towards integration implementation with economic basis through some programs that could transform conflict from armed conflict into political struggle. Fourthly, it needs to strengthen the infrastructure of reintegration implementer institution and also to prepare transfer of responsibilities from central to local government. Fifthly, all of stakeholders in Aceh need to be endorsed to actively participate in the reintegration program in order to create a permanent conflict resolution. Sixthly, the reintegration program need to be built continously, not only limited to compensation fund. In this sense, the program do not act as charity but as for strengthening the economic of ex-combatants and other conflict vitims. The program was hoped to overcome poverty and can be implemented continously. Therefore, it would need an independent controller institution in order to have an appropriate reintegration program.

DINAMIKA KELEMBAGAAN DESA: GAMPONG ERA OTONOMI KHUSUS ACEH
Irine Hiraswari Gayatri

Abstract
Study on the evolution of local/ traditional village governance in Aceh, called gampong, which conducted in Aceh Utara and Bener Meriah districts of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam province explores the transformation of roles, functions, its meanings as well as efforts to revitalise them. The findings show such transformation has been heavily influenced by changing political, economy and social contexts that occur in Aceh and/or through central government regulations.

Review Buku
PERAN MARKETING DALAM DUNIA POLTIK
Nyimas Latifah Letty Aziz

Abstract
The Implementation of multiparty system in Indonesia nowadays has made political parties compete in achieving their goals. In order to achieve those goals, political parties need strategy in catching public attention. This strategy is an implementation of marketing science in political arena or better known as political marketing. To be specific, the strategy is called by marketing practitioners as product, promotion, price, dan place (4P).

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