ISSN 0216-1087: JURNAL PENELITIAN POLITIK, Volume 6 No. 1, 2009

Penanggung Jawab : Dr. Ikrar Nusa Bhakti. Pemimpin Usaha: Agus R. Rahman. Pemimpin Redaksi: Moch. Nurhasim. Wakil Pemred: Heru Cahyono. Dewan Redaksi: Ikrar Nusa Bhakti, Syamsuddin Haris, Tri Ratnawati, M. Hamdan Basyar, Awani Irewati, Dhuroruddin Mashad, Adriana Elizabeth. Redaksi Pelaksana: Sri Yanuarti, Firman Noor, Lili Romli, Ganewati Wuryandari, Riefqi Munai. Sekretaris Redaksi: Nanto Sriyanto, Nyimas Letty Latiffah Aziz. Bendahara: Sarah Nuraini, Eko HS. Produksi dan Sirkulasi: Abu Bakar, Syamsuri, Rita. Editor Bahasa: Nanik Supriyanti. Layouter: Prapti Sasiwi.

Alamat Redaksi: P2P-LIPI, Widya Graha LIPI, Lantai XI, Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto No. 10, Jakarta 12710. Telp. (021) 525 1542, ext. 757, 763; Faks. (021) 520 7118

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Daftar Isi

DILEMA SISTEM PEMILIHAN UMUM 2009
Moch. Nurhasim

Abstract
The 2009 election is regarded as the worst election in the history of the reform era elections, particularly in the quality of its implementations and results. This happened as a consequence of systemic problems, particularly the inconsistency of UU No. 10/2008 with its implementation technical rules. The change of election system has been one of the main causes since the draft of UU No. 10/2008 is not a full-opened proportional system, but rather a semi-opened system that is changed further by the Constitution Court (Mahkamah Konstitusi) into a full-opened proportional system. This change that is not followed by the change of its articles has made the implementation of the 2009 election was full of dilemmas and deficiencies.

GOLPUT DAN PEMILU DI INDONESIA
Sri Yanuarti

Abstract
The percentage of non-voting behavior, known as Golput in Indonesia, was inceasing from one election period to another period. In the New Order era, the reasons behind Golput were political, such as the election was not conducted based on democratic principles, the bureaucracy and state apparatus were not neutral, and systematic intimidation by government to create victory for Soeharto regime. While, the increasing number of non-voting behavior (Golput) in 2004 election was caused by people’s disappointment to political institution whether parliament or political parties. The decayed assessment to executive institution performance (president) and judicative institution (judicature) also became pull factors for society not to participate in the election. In 2009 election, however, the most dominant factor that lowered people’s voting participation was the inefficiency of the general election committee (KPU) performance. This has made many people who have the right to vote were not on the list. This paper tries to describe Golput phenomenon in Indonesian election from one period to another including the causal factors of it.

MENCERMATI KAMPANYE PILEG 2009: GRADASI PERAN PARTAI DAN GEJALA PRAGMATISME
Firman Noor

Abstract
The 2009 election campaign for legislative bodies provides many lessons for Indonesian. The phenomena occurred in this occasion are the gradation of the parties’ role and the rise of pragmatism. This paper discusses factors behind those phenomena, in which the existence of the new regulation, internal condition of political parties, and the quality of the member of political parties are believed to play a salient role.

PETA KEKUATAN POLITIK HASIL PEMILU 2009
Lili Romli

Abstract
The 2009 election has resulted a map of political change of the election winner. The winner of the 2004 election was Golkar Party, while in the 2009 election, the winner was Democrat Party. The 2009 election became a “punishment” for old parties, like Golkar, PDIP and PPP since their votes were decreasing sharply compare to previous election. Meanwhile, two new parties, Gerindra and Hanura, had successfully entered Senayan (parliament) by defeating previous parties that had existed in the parliament. The Islamic Parties with their Islamic basis mass, except PKS, has failed to get electoral support due to their decreasing votes or did not pass the electoral threshold. This also happened to nationalist parties and christian basis mass parties.

PEMILU PRESIDEN IRAN 2009 DAN UPAYA DESTABILISASI IRAN
Indriana Kartini

Abstract
Iran’s 2009 presidential election became a big challenge for President Mahmud Ahmadinejad to preserve his power for a second term. The challenges were not only come from reformist groups, but also from conservative groups of which his political affiliation belong. In addition, international society also concerned with Ahmadinejad’s political statement and policy that could harm Iran national interests. This paper will examine Iran’s 2009 presidential election and the efforts of foreign forces to destabilize the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this paper, the electoral process including electoral competition between conservative and reformist groups and allegation of fraud will be analyzed. This paper will argue that tense competition between conservative and reformist groups in presidential elections has sharpened political division in Iran.  

NASIONALISME, DEMOKRATISASI, DAN SENTIMEN PRIMORDIALISME DI INDONESIA: PROBLEMATIKA IDENTITAS KEETNISAN VERSUS KEINDONESIAAN PADA STUDI KASUS ACEH, PAPUA, BALI, DAN RIAU
Syafuan Rozi

Abstract
Ethnicity problem has been flaming the Indonesian political dynamics due to conflictual point of views between multiethnic and state position since Indonesian independence. This problem is still unfinished. Every region with its ethnichities expresses high demand of their symbolic, political representative, fair economic allocation and distribution of resources. This article examines ethnicity problems in Aceh, Papua, Bali and Riau. In Aceh and Papua cases, coercive approach is used to achieve prosperity, while Bali and Riau tend to use symbolic and persuasive approach like Melayu people congress and Ajeg Bali––rising cores values–– to achieve fairness, justice and sustainability. This has been an on going process of rethinking and re-evaluating of a biggest project of ‘Indonesianess’ (Keindonesiaan) in a new way.

TRANSFORMASI POLITIK GERAKAN ACEH MERDEKA (GAM)
Moch. Nurhasim

Abstract
The political transformation of Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) is a process to change GAM as a ”military” power into a civil power. This fundamental process is a part of conflict resolution of Aceh that has been conducted for about 32 years. This political transformation highlights some forms of change of GAM’s organizations, character, and behavior in the post-MoU Helsinki.

DINAMIKA KELEMBAGAAN MUKIM ERA OTONOMI KHUSUS ACEH
Septi Satriani

Abstract
The study looks at changes and continuities of a local/traditional institution in Aceh called Mukim, in Indonesia’s post New Order period. After MoU Helsinki was signed in 2005 which marked the peace agreement in Aceh, the Government of Indonesia officially endorses Special Autonomy status to the province. One among many important articles in the new law is to revitalize the traditional structure of territoriality called Mukim. During the New Order regime, Mukim served as traditional institution that left out majority of customary roles since it has been co-opted into the structure of Indonesian government under UU No. 5/1979. This paper describes the current condition of Mukim and how it finds the new role and relations with other institutions under Aceh’s UUPA (Local Government in Aceh) No. 11/2006.

Review Buku
INDONESIA MEMILIH PRESIDENSIAL
Luky Sandra Amalia

Abstract
Based on the Indonesian constitution (Undang-Undang Dasar 1945), Indonesia decided to undertake presidential system since this system gives large proportion for president to create prosperities for its citizens. The preamble of UUD 1945 also consist of criteria for being a good Indonesian president such as the president must be able to create public prosperities, to improve Indonesian people’s intelligence, to make social justice for all citizens, to protect all citizens, and to make the world order. However, before the candidates are elected as president and vice president, they have to conduct political campaign in order to make Indonesian people aware of their programs and track records. The political campaign includes mass media campaign and interpersonal campaign. In this regards, the presidential election is a political education for all people indeed.

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