Penanggung Jawab: Dr. Ikrar Nusa Bhakti. Pemimpin Redaksi: Dhurorudin Mashad. Dewan Redaksi: Ikrar Nusa Bhakti, Riza Sihbudi, Syamsuddin Haris, Tri Ratnawati, M. Hamdan Basyar, Awani Irewati. Redaksi Pelaksana: Heru Cahyono, Moch. Nurhasim, Agus R. Rahman,Sri Yanuarti, Sri Nuryanti. Sekretaris Redaksi: Indriana Kartini. Bendahara: Emilia Yustiningrum. Produksi dan Sirkulasi: Mardyanto Wahyu T, Nanto Sriyanto, Abu Bakar, Arubi, Nahdiat, Jamalullail
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Daftar Isi

Kontrak Sosial dan Pemilihan Umum
Arbi Sanit

Abstract
Social contract is a conception about new power relationship between elite and people which is formulated in order to fulfill a demand for political renewal which is need a continuity, not stagnation nor deterioration. We need to reconstruct any aspect of social contract theory in order to understand about social contract relevance with general election. The general election as a contract social guaranteed rights and obligation of the voters and the leaders. The contract mechanism between voters and political candidate is related by trust. The object of trust itself in general election is morality. The political contract consistency based on trust is a foundation for building a state as a moral entity, which is made by morally human being.


Pelanggaran Pemilu Legislatif 2004
Heru Cahyono

Abstract
In general, the campaign period in the legislative election has passed in a safe and orderly way. But, in the whole process of general election, we still find many basic problem of violation. There are many violations consists of administrative violations and criminal violations. The political parties still using public funds and facilities for their own interests. People alleged that all big parties have been involved in some form of vote-buying, known as money politics which included the distribution of free basic needs, free medical services and transportation fees. This fact contrary to the agreement signed by the political party before the 2004 election day of which agree to avoid any type and motives of violence in order to reach objectives and to settle problems. The Election Supervisory Committees (Panwaslu) -which is established with the main purpose of supervising elections- failed to carry out an effective supervising especially in money politics violation and manipulation of vote count result.


Partai Islam dan Pemilih Islam di Indonesia
Lili Romli

Abstract
The resurgent of Islamic parties occurs in the reform era because of many factors which are theological, sociological, historical, reformation and democratization. Unfortunately the resurgent of Islamic parties cannot be endorsed by the Islamic voters. This can be seen from a small and unsignificant vote reached by the Islamic parties. In the 1999 general election, the Islamic parties only have 17,8 percent vote and in the 2004 general election only have 21,17 percent vote. This small and unsignificant vote of the Islamic parties happened because of fragmentation of Islamic parties and ideological orientation change of Islamic voters.


Pemilih “Hijau” di Kota Santri: Kasus Pemilu 2004 di Pekalongan
M. Hamdan Basyar

Abstract
The victory of the political party that carries the Islamic symbol or well known as the “green” (this is not to be confused with the green politics in ecological term) in the 2004 election in Pekalongan Regency, can not directly be implied that they will propose the “green” symbol (it is just like Islamic sharia, etc). The Pekalongan people and their influential leaders are more pragmatic to their interests than imposing the “green” politics. Furthermore, the Green didn’t absolutely win in the local parliament. It has only a few more number than the “red” and “yellow” symbols. This means that the Green solidity is still questioned. A similar event of 2001 -when the election of the Mayor and the Deputy of Mayor was taken place- could happen again. In that time the Green was fragmented, fighting with their own individual or party interests. Therefore, the Pekalongan people needs to prove that their city deserve a called “the Santri City” -a city of Islamic scholar-. The victory of the political party with the Green symbol doesn't have any effect yet, without real implementation in their daily life.


Pemilu Legislatif 2004 di Aceh: Antara Intimidasi, Partisipasi dan Mobilisasi Politik
Moch. Nurhasim

Abstract
The 2004 legislative election in Aceh describing a very fundamental change of political constellation. The powerful of the Islamic basis party is an astonished phenomenon in the political constellation of Aceh based on the 2004 legislative election results. However, the victory of Golkar party which is in balanced with PPP (Partai Persatuan Pembangunan) must be underlined that this New Order party in Aceh is also powerful. Eventhough there are fundamental political changes, we still find an intimidation, terror, and political mobilisation in the 2004 legislative election. It happened because of this election was carried out in military emergency situation.


Pemilu Parlemen ke-7 dan Prospek Gerakan Reformasi di Iran
Indriana Kartini

Abstract
Reformism is the belief that gradual changes in a society can change its fundamental structures. This belief also has a great influence in the mind of many Iranian people whose struggle for a change, including the mullahs and politicians that led them changed their face from radical to moderate in a tremendous movement called “the reform movement”. This movement has crystallized since Mohammad Khatami has been elected as the President of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1997 and this event became the first victory of the reform movement. The second victory was obtained by the reformist or the leftist in the 6th parliamentary (Majlis) election in 2000, which strengthened the reform movement. But the scene of victory now has been turning back into the hands of the conservative or the rightist. In the 7th parliamentary election, the rightist who has changed to pragmatic face won the majority of the Majlis seat. This political change happened because of the disillusioned of Iranian people has frustrated by the leftist due to their failure to bring into reality their reform promises. Therefore, solving the people’s problem will be the big task of the seventh Majlis, regardless of which faction forms the majority.


Partai Politik, Pemilu dan Pemerintahan Rusia
Emilia Yustiningrum

Abstract
The changing of Russian domestic politics has been running fast. Many political changings have been caused by the internal push factors that have changed political policies dramatically against the past. The political changing has covered the changing of political party system from single party into multiparty system. The unpopular election at the national level in the past has been changed into the need to do the election at the national level either to the Parliament’s members or the President. The following political changing covered the push to change the role of government institution to be more structuralized and not centralized anymore into one single position. These domestic political changings were the sign of running to be democratic state. This study has the aim to analyze the historical changing of Russian domestic politics that has been the basic argument for the future of political condition.


Strategi Kontemporer Partai-Partai Politik di Indonesia 2004-2009
Mardyanto Wahyu Tryatmoko

Abstract
The public perception and choice to a specific political party or politician, which based on intuition or rationality, are absolutely depended on historical experiences and the rise of discourse of political parties and politicians’ behavior it selves. However, every performance of political parties with all of their conflicting interests that happens to them is directly influenced by the electoral and parties system. On the other hand, this system converts votes in the polling booth into seats in the assembly and simultaneously converts the behavior of political parties -including the politicians- on the intra or extra parliament. In the meantime, when the people are in deep participation towards democratization of the electoral and parties system, will political parties be able to be more mature and wise as their role, including fairly competition during elections? Will the national bad experiences be made as fuel of struggle that is stated in their programs? It is not false, if undecided voters and violence by the people because of an endless oligarchy usually respond these questions. One of solutions that can avoid it is the maturity of political culture and the reinforcement of parties system.