ISSN 1441-7923: WIDYARISET Vol. 11, No. 1, 2008

ANALISIS NUMERIK SINYAL ANALITIK: KASUS UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN TEKNIK ESTIMASI KETELITIAN PERHITUNGAN DENSITAS BOUGUER DAN SPEKTRAL SINYAL SEISMIK
Hendra Gunawan

Abstract
In gravity or micro-gravity survey a density of topography estimation is a critical step on Bouguer anomaly calculation/Bouguer anomaly map and it depends on methodology approaches (Parasnis or Nettleton application). In many cases, with an assumption that geological character of survey area were homogeneous, both methods mentioned above works well. However it is not the case when effect of intracrustal and deeper density inhomogeneities, effect of topography and effect of isostatic compensation presents. As a result, a density of topography estimation is contaminated by these different effects. From a previous detail micro-gravity study, at la Soufriere volcano-Guadeloupe Island, we found that this survey area has two large different densities (» 0.6 gr/cm3) between the summit area and surrounding area. In this article a developing method of analysis is made, by using analytic (sinusoid) signal in numerical modeling, to evaluate uncertainty of density estimation. A density estimation with Parasnis method shows that the difference of density is due to the surface density inhomogeneities. The Parasnis approaches does not depend so strongly on the topography, as a result for data calculated on the topography the uncertainty of topographic density is equal –0.07 gr/cm3. Another application with using analytical signals, spectral analysis, could be used to identify several types of earthquakes wave which is recorded digitally. The spectrogram is calculated by using a frequency signal analysis. The accuracy on choosing the main frequency from spectral analysis is varied do to the ambiguity effects. The numerical analysis result gives the uncertainty of main frequency signal ±0.5 Hz accuracy.

POTENSI LIKUIFAKSI KABUPATEN BANTUL DAN SEKITARNYA BERDASARKAN UJI CONE PENETRATION TEST PASCAGEMPA BUMI YOGYAKARTA 27 MEI 2006
Idham Effendi

Abstract
Earthquake was being disaster whist most intensively occurred in Indonesia. Beside resulted the oscillation that can destroyed the infrastructure directly, earthquake can triggered the liquefaction. This research was done in Bantul district and surroundings as an area with the highest destruction and the closest area by the epicentre. Litho logical and groundwater condition in Bantul district which meet the cause of liquefaction, also be a reason this liquefaction research was done. Liquefaction potential evaluation was based on cyclic stress concept and applied as insitu test in the site by cone penetration test (CPT). CPT was done in 32 locations that scattered randomly in Bantul and surroundings, and conducted at the depth of 3-9 meters. Based on the analysis result, “Yogyakarta, 27 May 2006” Earthquake can trigger liquefaction in Bantul and surroundings, although in different classes. It is expected that the output that was a liquefaction potential map can be a reference for the local government in local area planning. For mitigating the disaster, it was needed the basic procedures like: dewatering and soil improvement.

Keywords: Earthquake, Liquefaction, Cone penetration test, Lithologi and groundwater.

DEFORMASI GUNUNG API BROMO PADA PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS VULKANIK 2006–2007
Estu Kriswati

Abstract
Some increasing on Bromo volcanic activity took place after prelatic eruption on 8 June 2004. These increasing of activity mostly are reflected by continuous volcanic-tremor record. On 5 September 2006, alert level of Bromo volcano upgraded from level II (Waspada) into level III (Siaga) due to record of continuous volcanic-tremor which reached maximum amplitude of 30 mm. This alert level stage was applied just for a short time; on 16 September 2005 the alert level was down graded back into alert level II and steady until this paper composed. Volcanic-tremor recorded continuously with fluctuate amplitude. This research conducted to understand deformation process that accompanies increasing of volcanic activity that was marked by deep-volcanic and volcanic-tremor earthquakes appearance. GPS method was chosen with consideration of its ability to inform the position with various accuracy, from several cm to mm orde. The previous author expressed that GPS method is the appropriate deformation measurement that could be applied in Bromo volcano. From horizontal displacement data, strain analysis, and point source result, it was concluded that deformation process has source on the southwest area from the summit with depth of 5 km. The initial pressure that result deformation was not strong enough to preceed the eruption. Increasing of volcanic activity within 2006–2007 that marked by deep-volcanic and volcanic-tremor earthquakes appearance was accompanied by deformation process on Bromo volcano area.

Keywords: Volcanic activity, Deformation, GPS, Horizontal displacement, Strain analysis, Point source.

KAJIAN POTENSI SEKUESTRASI CARBON DIOXIDE PADA LAPANGAN MINYAK TUA SANGATTA KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Ego Syahrial

Abstract
One of the options for reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emission to the atmosphere is by applying CO2 sequestration technology on depleted oil fields. This technology is basically the process of capturing CO2 from the source and storing it into depleted oil reservoirs. The purposes of CO2 sequestration are to store CO2 permanently and at the same time to enhance oil production from depleted oil reservoirs. In this research, a depleted oil field in Sangatta East Kalimantan was studied and the study was focused on the sequestration volumes and potential oil recoveries. The methodology adopted in this research is integration of reservoir screening, laboratory tests and numerical reservoir simulation. The results indicate that CO2 sequestration volumes of 2.2–4.7 million ton and potential oil recoveries of 2.4–3.3 million Bbl may be possible to be recovered from depleted oil field in Sangatta East Kalimantan.

Keywords: Carbon dioxide (CO2), Sequestration, Reservoir, Bbl (barrel)

PERKIRAAN SEBARAN SUMBER GEMPA DAN SIFAT LETUSAN G. KARANGETANG, SULAWESI UTARA, BERDASARKAN DATA KEGEMPAAN DAN DEFORMASI PADA SEPTEMBER 2005 DAN MEI 2006
Nia Haerani

Abstract
Karangetang volcano or also named as Api Siau volcano, is the most active volcano in North Sulawesi. Increasing of its activity occur within interval of 1 to 3 years. The last eruption occurred on July–August 2006. As the very active volcano, it is necessary to understand its eruption behavior in the future mostly for mitigation purpose. Prediction of Karangetang volcano’s eruption characteristic is based on seismic observation and EDM measurement data that have conducted on September 2005 and May 2006. Seismic data was analyzed to obtain earthquake source distribution. EDM measurement data was analyzed to determine deformation within these two periods of measurements. On May 2006 hot water sampling was conducted, then analyzed to find relationship between its chemical compositions with volcanic activity of Karangetang Volcano. Distribution of earthquakes source showed shallow distribution on May 2006 compare to September 2005. Deformation result inflation on Karangetang volcano edifice. While water chemistry analysis showed no relation with volcanic activity. Analysis results lead to a conclusion that magma pocket of Karangetang volcano lies on shallow level that implies to surface manifestation at South Crater as continuous ash plume and steady glare. Possible eruption characteristic with asumption no changes on magma chemical composition is efusive eruption, reveal as lava flow and pyroclastic flow. Lava flow will followed by pyroclastic avalanches due to gravitational affect and steep slope.

Keywords: Earthquake hypocentre, Deformation, Eruption Characteristics, Water chemistry.

ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI SENYAWA AKTIF INHIBITOR á-GLUKOSIDASE DARI EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT KOJI (Aspergillus terreus)
Rizna Triana Dewi, Muhamad Hanafi, Tutus G. Kartawinata, dan Marlia S Wibowo

Abstract
Isolation and characterization of inhibitor á-glucosidase from Koji, Aspergillus terreus was performed by maseration using ethyl acetate as solvent. The extracts was dissolved in methanol: water = 1:4, followed by fractionations with n-hexane, CH2Cl2, and ethyl acetate and each fraction was assayed for theirs activity against a-glucosidase. Ethyl acetate fraction showed potential activity with IC50 = 8,6µg/mL, then purified by coloumn chromatography using Silica Gel, resin HPD 600 and WakoGel C18 as adsorbent and characterized by spectrometres (UV, FT-IR, MS, and NMR). The active compound from ethyl acetate fraction, At was identified as 1-[3-(2,6-Dihydroxy-4-methoxy-benzoyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl]-ethanone showed IC50 8,5 ìg/mL, characterized as a benzofenon group with MW 332 and has formula C17H16O7 which used as lead compound for design of new potent inhibitor for glycosidases.

Keywords: á-Glucosidase inhibitor, Koji Aspergillus terreus, 1-[3-(2,6-Dihydroxy-4-methoxy-benzoyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl]-ethanone.

APLIKASI MICROCONTROLLER AT89C51 PADA PEMBAYARAN TOL DENGAN SMART CARD
Rina Ristiana

Abstract
Microcontroller AT89C51 prototype for Tol Payment with Smart Card had been made. The Tol Payment with Smart Card was designed by hardware and software. The hardware was designed five units. They are sensor unit, keypad unit, Display Unit, Card Reader unit and Print Unit. The software was programmed by assembly language, which hex file could transfer in IC Microcontroller AT89C51. The made of prototype could use for detection each entered of vehicle in Tol gate. The way were determined vehicle starter, vehicle class and payment account. All parameters were displayed to LCD and Layout was printed.

Keywords: Microcontroller AT89C51, Tol payment, Smart card.

MENENTUKAN NILAI KETIDAKPASTIAN TIMBANGAN ELEKTRONIK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE CSIRO, AUSTRALIA
Nur Tjahyo Eka Darmayanti

Abstract
The electronic balances had been calibrated using mass standard E2 class s/n 274 that traceable to SI units within NMI Australia. The calibration electronic balances using CSIRO method, Australia, to know the repeatability, correction from indication value, effect of off-centre loading and hysterisis. The output calibration for electronic balances with capacity of balance is 1210 g and resolution is 0.001 g, shown that standard deviation for 500 g and 1000 g are 0.0005 g and 0.001 g. The absolute correction maximum value is 0.0080 g for 1000 g. The expended uncertainty value from calibration electronic balances is 0.002 g with the value of limit of performance is 0.010 g.

Keywords: Electronic balances, Calibration, Mass standard, Resolution.

PENGEMBANGAN ELEKTRODA KARBON PASTA YANG DIMODIFIKASI DENGAN 18-CROWN-6 UNTUK ANALISIS ION Pb(II)
Roni Maryana, Rahmat Wibowo dan Jarnuzi Gunlazuardi

Abstract
Carbon paste electrode modified by 18-crown-6 (CPEM) was made and optimalized. Optimalization was conducted for composition of 18-crown-6 and measurement condition for Pb(II) ion. The working electrode was made by mixing carbon paste, 18-crown-6, epoxy resin and hardener and then put in 5cm length and 0.3cm diameter of plastic tube. Voltammetry method was used in this research employing a PC controlled potensiostat (Versa Stat II, PAR USA) and using three kind electrodes cell: e.g modified carbon paste as working electrode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode dan Pt wire as auxiliary electrode. Optimatization results are the composition 18-crown-6 5%; initial potential -1V; final potensial 1V; accumulation time 300s; scanrate 50mV/s; and pH 5,0. The lead ion can be detected giving specific signal at 0.5 Volt as maximum peak.

Keywords: Working electrode, Voltammetry, Voltammogram, Potensiostat, 18-crown-6

PENGUJIAN KOLOM RUSAK YANGDISELIMUTI CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC
Rudi Setiadji Agusningtyas

Abstract
Testing of damaged columns wrapped with carbon fiber reinforced plastics was conducted. Damage of three rectangular columns was resulted from incremental of static eccencentric compressive loading until failure. Repair and retrofit of columns covered replacement of spalling concrete and wrapping of columns surface with carbon fiber reinforced plastic. Columns were retested in laboratory under static eccencentric compressive loading until failure.Results indicate that stiffness of repaired and retrofitted columns (KPR) at uncracked stage reduced to half from normal column stiffness (KN), but having first crack load 28% higher. Stiffness of KPR at cracked stage increased more than two times from KN stiffness, but there was decreasing on yield load.

Keywords: Column, Concrete, Retrofit, CFRP, Wrapping

STABILISASI SERPIH DENGAN ABU TERBANG DAN SEMEN SEBAGAI SALAH SATU ALTERNATIF PENANGANAN LONGSORAN PADA JALAN TOL CIPULARANG KM. 91+900
Dian Asri Moelyani

Abstract
On 29 November 2005, shallow embankment landslide occurred in Cipularang toll road section at Km. 91+900 (Batu Datar area). The Batu Datar area is located on vast shale deposit of Djatiluhur Formation. The shale has unwanted engineering characteristics where it will undergo significant strength degradation if exposed to water or even to air. One of the recommended options to overcome the landslide is to build a counterweight. For this option, the strength of the shale has to be increased as foundation for the counterweight. The selected method is to stabilize the shale with fly ash and cement, respectively to increase compatibility and to improve shear strength of the shale. This paper is aimed to determine the most efficient composition of cement-fly ash and optimum water content for field stabilization purposes. Therefore, laboratory stabilization tests were carried out with a series of fly ash-cement composition of totally 20% of the mixture weight. The result of experiment showed that fly ash increased compatibility of the shale. For landslide countermeasure, the recommended composition was 5% cement and 15% fly ash with 18.5% optimum moisture content.

Keywords: Shallow landslide, Stabilization, Shale, Cement, Fly ash, Cipularang

PENERAPAN KENDALI CERDAS PADA SISTEM TANGKI AIR MENGGUNAKAN LOGIKA FUZZY
Edwar Yazid

Abstract
The implementation of intelligent controller on water tank system using fuzzy logic was discussed in this paper. Water tank system, which was controlled system in this research, was a model of process control with single sensor and single actuator (Single Input Single Output). Fuzzy logic controller as intelligent controller in this research were designed and implemented for making water level follow the reference water level change as fast as possible and keeping water level close to the reference water level under variation of environment. The design of fuzzy logic controller was conducted by using input value of error (e) and difference of error (de) water level were measured by sensor and the output of controller was input voltage to supply pump motor (u). Mathematically, fuzzy set operation and fuzzy rules were conducted to this input and ouput to minimize value of error and difference of error. From experiment results, fuzzy logic controller has 7 fuzzy set for error input, 3 fuzzy set for change of error and 21 fuzzy rules for control action. Steady state error was 37.5% smaller than PI controller. For respon of water level variation, fuzzy logic controller was fast enough, but 55.5% slower than PI controller.

Keywords: Fuzzy logic, Error, Difference of Error, Water level

PERANCANGAN RECYCLE EFLUEN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH (IPAL) MENJADI DEMINERALIZED WATER UNTUK PROSES PRODUKSI DI PT GAYA MOTOR
Vita Dhian Lelyana

Abstract
Design of recycle effluent waste water treatment plant (WWTP) for demineralized water has been done. This design included caracterization of effluent WWTP, calculation and design advanced treatment of effluent WWTP for demineralized water. The effluent WWTP caracterization result was appropriate with the government standard SK Gub DKI No. 582/1995, so that it could be used as production process water. The advanced treatment design that was recommended were pressure filtration unit, carbon filter unit and ion exchange unit. By recycling effluent WWTP for prodution process water, water consumption could be reduced in great quantities of 100 m3/day.

Keywords: Recycle, Demineralized water, Advanced treatment

OTENTIKASI AMAN BERBASIS KARTU CERDAS DAN SIDIK JARI MENGGUNAKAN FILTER GABOR SERTA SKEMA FUZZY VAULT
Rifki Sadikin dan Esa Prakasa

Abstract
Indication of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province had significant effects on livestock industry. The study aimed A biometrics smartcard based authentication system was built. A secret key and fingerprint information were used in authentication. Secret key encryption is locked by a vault which was generated from fingerprint features. Gabor filter is used to capture the features of fingerprint. With these features a vault for secret key is generated using Juels-Sudan fuzzy vault mechanism which was based on error-detecting coding mechanism. To unlock the vault, one does not need to match all the fingerprint features but only to match the biometrics features substantially large which is conformed to the nature of fingerprint image acquisition. Experiments to inquire performance of vault system are conducted. Zero FAR (False Acceptance Ratio) is attained. While experiments with synthesized fingerprint images show that FRR (False Rejection Ratio) depends on number of chaffs were introduced.

Keywords: Biometrics authentication, Data encryption, Smartcard application

PENURUNAN COD PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PERMINYAKAN DENGAN TEKNOLOGI AOP
Nur Rohmah, Siti Supriyatin dan Anto Tri Sugiarto

Abstract
Oil industries usually produce waste water that has concentration of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) exceed maximum allowable concentration. They need a new method to solve their problem in waste water treatment. A new technology that has been introduced in waste water treatment is Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP). This method has been done by treating the waste water with the combination of ozone and ultraviolet. In this paper variations of detention time which are 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 minutes and also variations of ozone concentration 1,4; 2; 2,8; 3,4; 3,5 mg/l has been analyzed. The optimal result in reduction of COD is at detention time 25 minutes and ozone concentration 3, 5 mg/l with reduction of COD 80,37 %. It shows that by adding detention time and adding ozone concentration can make the reduction of COD more efficient.

Keywods: AOP, Ozone, Ultraviolet, COD, Waste water treatment, Oil industries

SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN INTELEGENSIA UNTUK MENDETEKSI KELAKUAN SIRKUIT LOGIKA
Wiwin Suwarningsih

Abstract
In this paper, we describe a development of the intelligent decision support system application for detection of circuit logic behavior. The analyses were based on deterministic finite automaton method in which representation of AND-Gate, OR-Gate and inverter-Gate. The analysis result the formula and transition diagram which is proving that the testing word (string) used as an input is accepted by that formula.

Keywords: IDSS, FSA, Sirkuit logika, Behavior.

KINETIKA REAKSI SERTA PENGARUH pH DAN ANION TERHADAP DEGRADASI FOTOKATALITIK FENOL
Cholid Syahroni dan Jarnuzi Gunlazuardi

Abstract
Along with effort to find out and develop the industrial wastewater treatment, photo catalytic process emerges to become promising technology to degrade the organic pollutant. The objective of this research was studying the reaction kinetic and effect of pH and anion to the photo catalytic degradation of phenol by using TiO2 catalyst. The experiment was performed in a continuous flow reactor, in which TiO2 was immobilized as thin film on the inner wall of glass tubes and UV black light lamps were used as radiation source.
The results showed that at the beginning, the photo catalytic degradation of phenol followed the zero order reaction and then changed to the first order reaction. The pH of solutions influences the degradation reaction rate. At lower pH, the reaction rate was faster than that of higher pH. The presence of the chloride and carbonate ions had a detrimental effect on the degradation process.

Keywords: Photo catalytic, TiO2, Reaction kinetic, pH, Anion

STUDI BIOINFORMATIKA: ENZIM PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE (PDC) DAN ALKOHOL DEHYDROGENASE II (ADH2) UNTUK KONVERSI BIOETANOL
Lita Triratna

Abstract
The initial research based on bioinformatics study have done toward two enzymes that play important role in converting glucose to ethanol, those are Pyruvate Decarboxylase (PDC) and Alcohol dehydrogenase2 (ADH2). The Objective of this research is to find the microbe sources of pdc and adh2 gene. It is expected that this research will give initial data in determining the microbe that will be used as a gene source in genetic engineering or protein engineering activity for bioethanolproduction. Base on bioinformatics study consist of finding data base used gene bank (NCBI), Psi-BLAST analysis, and clustalX analysis its getting 9 bacteria were gained pdc gene source, 10 bacteria and one yeast as adh2 sources.

Keywords: Bioinformatics, Pyruvate Decarboxylase (PDC), Alkohol Dehydrogenase2 (ADH2), Gene source and ethanol.

PERBANDINGAN PRODUKTIVITAS AWAL BEBERAPA VARIETAS KELAPA SAWIT PADA PENANAMAN POPULASI TINGGI
Eka Listia dan Iman Yani Harahap

Abstract
Comparison of early productivity of some oil palm varieties on high population and normal population has been done. The area located at Membang Muda Plantation, PTP Nusantara III, Aek Kanopan, and North Sumatera. The trial was designed in factorial random completely block design with 2 factor treatment that were 6 IOPRI’s (Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute) oil palm varieties La Me, Rispa, Yangambi, Dolok Sinumbah, Dolok Sinumbah-Bah Jambi and Rispa-Bah Jambi and oil palm population that were high population (181 trees per are) and standard population (128 trees per ha). The result showed that productivity potential of fresh fruit bunch on the high population about 22,5–30,6 ton per ha per year. This productivity much higher (about 22 %) compare to standard population productivity (about 15,7–25,7 ton per ha per year). Based on early productivity potential performance, then LaMe variety was evaluated as potential material could used in the oil palm high population as one of technical culture application by land optimally.

Keywords: Oil palm, Early productivity, Varieties, Technical culture.

PEMODELAN DAN INTERPRETASI DAERAH PROSPEK PANAS BUMI GEDONGSONGO DENGAN METODE CONTROLLED SOURCE AUDIO-FREQUENCY MAGNETOTELLURIC (CSAMT)
Febty Febriani, Wahyudi, dan Imam Suyanto

Abstract
This research has been done to get a model of northern Gedongsongo geothermal prospect area. This research is carried out by using three steps: acquisition, processing and interpretation of raw data. Raw data are measured using Strategem version 26716-01 Rev.D and GPS with Trimble Navigation 4000SSE single frequency and GP Survey 4600LS internal model. The processing of raw data uses software IP2Win(MT) v.2.0 and Surfer Version 8.0. Software IPI2Win(MT) v. 2.0. The aim of interpretation is to get a research area subsurface model. The result shows that the research area consists of two layers. The resistivity of the first layer is bigger than 1000and the resistivity of the second layer is less than 10. The first layer, called the resistive zone, is considered as intrusive rock. The second layer is conductive area and is considered as cap rock for Gedongsongo geothermal area.

Keywords: Geothermal, Resistivity, Electricity conductivity, Gedongsongo, CSAMT

PENGEMBANGAN METODE ANALISIS KADMIUM (Cd) DALAM KERANG
Yohanes Susanto R., Sumardi

Abstract
An analytical method for cadmium (Cd) content in oyster has been developed which evolved Microwave Digestion System and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (GFAAS) instruments. Critical factors in this method were evaluated and optimized, including verification of GFAAS instrument, matrix effects, calibration technique, and sample preparation method. The candidate method then be validated with SRM 1566b from NIST to assess its accuracy and precision. It has been found that the method gives the average recovery value of 109.74% and RSD of 3.62%. Uncertainty value has been evaluated according to the EURACHEM/CITAC Guide, Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement.

Keywords: Oyster, Cadmium, Method validation, Uncertainty

ANALISIS SEGREGASI GEN Cry IAb DAN hpt SERTA EFEKTIVITAS GEN Cry IAb TERHADAP PENGGEREK BATANG PADI PUTIH (Scirpophaga innotata)
Yuli Sulistyowati, Inez Hortense Slamet Loedin dan Hajrial Aswidinnoor

Abstract
The objectives of this experiment were to study the segregation of cry IAb and hpt genes in transgenic rice and to evaluate the effectiveness of cry IAb to rice white stem borer. Two lines of transgenic rice containing cry IAb and hpt genes were characterized for the segregation of the two genes in T1 and T2 generation by PCR. The data suggest that the two genes are linked in the lines studied. The effectiveness of cry IAb were evaluated through feeding assay against white stem borer compared to non transgenic rajalele rice as a control variety. The transgenic rice plants showed enhanced insecticidal activity against white stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata) with mortality rate reaching up to 100% in bioassay with cut stem.

Keywords: Cry IAb gene, Hpt gene, White stem borer

PENGGUNAAN MARKA MIKROSATELIT UNTUK MENENTUKAN HETEROZIGOSITAS PADA DOMBA BACKCROSS (MERINO X Domba Ekor Tipis/DET)
Indriawati dan Endang T. Margawati

Abstract
This study was purposed to find the informative micro satellite markers by screening unspecific markers. To perform the informative markers this study involved a family which consisted of the reference families i.e. granddam, grandsire and sire. Individual DNA was collected from 12 backcross sheep of four families reference 1261, 1262, 1263 and 1273. A number of 45 unspecific micro satellite markers were delivered to this study. There are three different PCR conditions to amplify the PCR product. The parameters were allele 1 from grandsire and allele 2 from granddam to form heterozygous of sire. Seven out of 45 micro satellite markers informative only for all of four sires. This study was suggested the informative micro satellite markers can be applied for routine genotyping work in sheep breeding.

Keywords: Micro satellite markers, Informative, Sire, Allele, Heterozygote

SIMULASI KEMAMPUAN HANTAR ARUS DAN TEMPERATUR KABEL DALAM SALURAN KABEL (DUCT-BANK)
Suharyanto

Abstract
The simulation of current carrying capacity and underground power cable temperature in duct-bank, was carried out for a single core underground power cable network type Low Pressure Oil Filled (LPOF) 87/240 mm2 which consist of dual-lines three phase horizontal flat in duct-bank. The simulation was held with the computer program using software of MATLAB version 6.1. The simulation result shows that the depth of cable plant has the influence on the cable temperature increase. The increase the cable temperature, the reduce the cable current carrying capacity. The underground power cable current carrying capacity assembled in the duct-bank has decrease from the nominal rating current carrying capacity. The lowest cable current carrying capacity from the networking system possessed by the words e cable, that is 459,14 Ampere because on surface the cable temperature is 60,63oC. So, the maximum current carrying capacity of the underground power cable networking system in the duct-bank is 459,14 Ampere.

Keywords: Current carrying capacity, Thermal resistance, Duct-bank.

PREDIKSI MODEL PENURUNAN COD FUNGSI ARUS PADA PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI DENGAN TEKNOLOGI ELEKTROKOAGULASI–FLOTASI
Aris Mukimin

Abstract
Have been done predicts model degradation of COD at treatment of industrial waste water base on metal with technology of electro coagulation-flotation. Free variable is current density (A/m2) from 10–50 A/m2 with interval 10 A/m2 and rate flow 2, 4, 6 L/minute. Parameter measured is Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in mg/L waste water. Used equipments: feeding basin (40 lts) processing basin (300 lts), and filtration basin (30 lts). Type anode is aluminium (Al) and cathode is iron (Fe) with dimension 25 cms x 50 cms counted 4, and apart between anoda-cathoda equal to 2.5 cms. Predicts model equation of degradation of COD stream function is CODI = 406 e-kI with k value depend on balance of adsorbsi-desorbsi. Cost-saving of operation treatment is equal to 30.6 - 42.5%. for waste water of metal industrial.

Keywords: Electro coagulation, Flotation, Current density, Anodic-cathodic, COD

PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT LUNAK PENGOLAH CITRA TOMOGRAFI MENGGUNAKAN METODA NON DIFRAKSI DENGAN PROYEKSI PARALEL
Rismawan Perdana Putra Barus dan Deddy Kurniadi

Abstract
Cross sectional image of an object can be processed using Computerized Tomography Scan (CT SCAN). The method can be employed in medical applications, industrial process, non destructive testing or other application in geophysics. The high cost of tomographic imaging equipment is one of the factors that the method is rarely used in non medical applications. The purpose of this research was to build a tomographic imaging software using non diffraction method with parallel projection. The result of this software simulation can be used as a guide for hardware design. From the simulation results, sampling number was the main factor that influence graphic quality.

Keywords: Tomography, Projection, Sampling, Non-Difraction, Parallel.

POLIMERISASI EMULSI INTI-KULIT STIRENA-BUTILAKRILAT BERWARNA OPAL MENGGUNAKAN PENGIKAT SILANG GLISIDIL METAKRILAT
Evi Oktavia, Nurudin Budiman, dan Emil Budianto

Abstract
A study of starved feed stepwise emulsion polymerization core-shell was conducted on two monomers, which have a large refractive index difference between the hard monomer styrene as core and the soft monomer butyl acrylate as shell, with glycidil metacrilate crosslinker. These monomers are selected to obtain monodisperse polymer colloids for the preparation of elastomeric polymer opaline film. The films showed opal color shades due to selective reflection of the light wavelength corresponding to the lattice spacing between core styrene. Surfactant and initiator were maintained at low concentrations in order to obtain polymer colloids of 200–300 nm in diameter. These polymer colloids in range sizes of particles were cast dried. They showed the opalescence colors. The effect of concentration surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate and concentration of initiator ammonium persulfate was investigated to obtain the theoretically solid content. The polymers prepared with this method were monodispersed (well below 5%).

Keywords: Emulsion polymerization, Polymer colloid opals, Crosslink, Particle size, Seragam

VARIASI TEMPORAL KONSENTRASI PM2,5, PM10 DAN BLACK CARBON UDARA AMBIEN DI BANDUNG DAN LEMBANG
Diah Dwiana Lestiani, Muhayatun dan Achmad Hidayat

Abstract
Concentrations of airborne particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10 and black carbon) on air quality have been studied. Samples of fine and coarse fractions of airborne particulate matter were collected in an urban area Bandung and in a suburban area Lembang from January 2005 to December 2006. The samples were collected using a Gent stacked filter unit sampler in two size fractions of < 2.5 ¼m (fine) and 2.5 to 10 ¼m (coarse). It has been observed that fine particulate matter has an increasing trend from prior year measurement for both sites. The annual average of PM2.5 in Bandung site was higher than the Indonesian national air ambient quality standard (15 ug/m3). The characteristic of seasonal variations are also observed for PM2.5, PM10 and black carbon concentrations

Keywords: Airborne Particulate matter, PM2.5, PM10, Black carbon

PERANCANGAN SISTEM BASISDATA SPASIAL DAN NON-SPASIAL KEHUTANAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK BERORIENTASI OBJEK
Babag Purbantoro

Abstract
The condition of Indonesia’s forest at this time is distressing. Deforestation happen equal to 2 million hectare every year due to illegal logging and wildfire. Many parties are having interest with the problem of this forestry. Therefore operation control and forest conservation is needed by using an efficient and an effective technology specially to control illegal logging and wildfire. Remote sensing technology is viewed as one of the alternative technology that could be developed by spatial data information to support operation control and forest conservation. This research will explain how to design spatial database system using system developer software. Spatial database is designed using object oriented modeling technique approach, and then its spatial connections will be related correctly, so data redundancy will not happen. This design is involving to classify spatial data based on its objectification and integrate them with non-spatial data into single database system for improving application performance. Furthermore, it also includes how to create data processing methods, use case diagrams, class diagrams, and sequent diagrams of database system.

Keywords: Spatial database system, Forest, Remote sensing, Object oriented modeling, Illegal logging, Wildfire.

ANALISIS SPASIAL BIOEKOLOGI NYAMUK Anopheles spp. MENGGUNAKAN DATA PENGINDERAAN JAUH
DAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS
Mujiyanto, Rosmini, dan Jastal

Abstract
The objective of this research was to analysis distribution of Anopheles spp. bioecology in Tamarenja and Sikara village, Sindue district, Donggala regency. Apllication of Remote Sensing, Geographical Information System and joining with entomological survey were used to define the broad environment factors or bioecology wich influence Anopheles spp distribution. This approach could be used for prediction of malaria. Landscape approach was used to analysis of spatial distribution analysis of Anopheles spp breeding site. The result showed in Tamarenja village had a lot of species Anopheles spp with variation of landscape and habitat.

Keywords: Spatial analysis, Bioecology, Anopheles spp., Remote Sensing, Geographycal Information System, Donggala

PERANCANGAN DAN PEMBUATAN SISTEM PENGENDALI SERVER DI PUSAT TERAPAN-LAPAN
Wahyudi

Abstract
A server controller system has been designed and made in Pusat Terapan-LAPAN, that has the ability to control the condition of server. As the power supply is down and or lightning detected, the system shuts the server down and cut off the electricity supply. System will turn the server on as the the elektricity power supplied and the weather in good condition. Controlling server condition is has to be done to reduce risk that cause the server down.

Keywords: Server, Controller, Voltage sensor, Thunderstorm sensor