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Daftar Isi
PEMANASAN GELOMBANG MIKRO DALAM REAKSI ASETILASI
ANILIN DAN TURUNANNYA DI ATAS ALUMINA
Ika Wahyuni
Abstract
A study on the application of microwave heating technique for acetylation of aniline and its derivatives (m-toluidine, p-toluidine, and o-anisidine) over alumina has been done. The study was also concerned on the reactivity of aniline and its derivatives to perform acetylation. The reaction was done by mixing the aniline, m-toluidine, p-toluidine, and o-anisidine with acetic anhydride and pyridine over alumina which functioned as a solid support. Then, the reaction mixture was heated in a microwave oven for 1, 2, 3, and 4 minutes. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC and the final products were analyzed by FTIR spectrophotometer. The result showed that acetylation of aniline and its derivatives over alumina could be done under microwave heating. The optimum yield and the reaction time needed to obtain the optimum yield of each reactant was 58.60% for 3 minutes (aniline), 62.05% for 3 minutes (m-toluidine), 78.82% for 2 minutes (p-toluidine), and 75.28% for 4 minutes (o-anisidine). Therefore, the order of the reactivity to perform acetylation is p-toluidine > anilinp> m-toluidine > o-anisidine.
Keywords: Microwave heating, Acetylation, Aniline, Aniline derivatives, Alumina.
PENGARUH SUPLEMENTASI KROMIUM ORGANIK DARI BEBERAPA JENIS FUNGI TERHADAP AKTIVITAS FERMENTASI RUMEN SECARA IN VITRO
Wulansih Dwi Astuti, Dwierra Evvyernie dan Toto Toharmat
Abstract
Chromium has been an essential trace element since 1959, but its effect on ruminal microbes is not clear yet. Organic chromium has higher availability than inorganic chromium sources. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic chromium supplementation on rumen fermentation activity. An in vitro technique was held using randomized block design with 13 treatments and 3 replications. There were four kinds of organic Cr used, produced with four different species of fungi as carriers. Fungi used as carriers were Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizophus oryzae and cassava-fermented yeast. The result indicated that the optimum organic Cr supplementation was 1 mg organic Cr/kg dry matter. Supplementation of 1 mg organic Cr/kg dry matter increased dry matter and organic matter digestibilities. It also tended to increase NH3 and total VFA production. The increase of propionate production decreased methane production and increased hexose conversion efficiency in several treatments. Each fungus used as carrier of organic Cr resulted in different effects on rumen fermentation activity, but the effect was within a normal range. It was concluded that either Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizophus oryzae or cassava-fermented yeast could be used as carrier in organic Cr production.
Keywords: Organic chromium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizophus oryzae, Cassava fermented yeast.
KAJIAN IMUNOGLOBULIN Y (Ig Y) SEBAGAI ANTIADHESI
DAN OPSONIN UNTUK PENCEGAHAN SERANGAN
Escherichia coli ENTEROPATOGENIK (EPEC)
A. Zaenal Mustopa, I Wayan T Wibawan dan Sri Budiarti
Abstract
Diarrheae is one of major diseases in Indonesia especially attack babies and infants. One major causal agent of diarrheae is Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Passive immunization using specific IgY of eggs against EPEC is thought to be effective in controlling diarrheae. This research was conducted to study the role IgY in inhibiting adhesion process of EPEC on the surface of mucosal epithelial cells of intestine and the role of IgY as opsonin. Specific IgY is produced by injecting chicken with inactivated EPEC K.1.1 bacterial whole cells. The eggs then collected and extracted to separate IgY from other components using ion-exchange chromatography. The purified IgY was further studied with SDS-PAGE. The biological activity of IgY as anti-adhesin was studied using adhesion inhibition test. The results indicated that specific IgY inhibit the adhesion of EPEC on the surface of Hep-2 cell sygnificantly. Preincubation of EPEC with specific IgY caused the enhancement of phagocytic activity and phagocytic capacity of peritoneal macrophages.
Keywords: Imunoglobulin Y, EPEC, Anti-adhesi, Opsonin.
KAJIAN HABITAT BERSARANG ELANG BRONTOK
(Spizaetus cirrhatus Gmelin, 1788)
DI DESA PANGGOK, PACITAN, JAWA TIMUR
Amir Hamidy
Abstract
Changeable Hawk Eagle (Spizaetus cirrhatus) belongs to the group of birds of prey as top predator in food chains that determine stability of ecosystem. Wild population of Changeable Hawk Eagle has declined caused by illegal hunting and destruction of habitat. Conservation of this species needs information on its biology and habitat. The aim of this research was to study the nesting habitat and nest character of Changeable Hawk Eagle in Panggok, Pacitan, East Java. The research was done from May until October, 2002. The method used is plot square to show the vegetation type and forest profile around the nest with description analysis to show characterization of nest site. The results showed nesting habitat of Changeable Hawk Eagle was in homogeneous forest with Jati (Tectona grandis) as dominance trees. Changeable Hawk Eagle built active nest and used camouflaged nests during its breeding period. An active nest was on the Jati trees and camouflages nests were on Sengon trees (Albizia chinensis) and Weru trees (Albizia procera). Both an active and camouflaged nests were made on trees which had horizontal branching (plagiotropic) to make laying down of nest easier. An active nest was bigger and more complex, it had twigs and fresh leaves, and also outer and inner layers that were different from camouflages.
Keywords: Changeable Hawk Eagle, Spizaetus cirrhatus, Pacitan, Nesting habitat, Activenest, Camouflaged nests, Plagiotropic.
KINETIKA GRANULASI TEPUNG TERIGU SECARA BATCH
DALAM VIBRATING DRUM SPRAY GRANULATOR
Anastasia Fitria Devi
Abstract
Optimization in granulation is necessary in order to get granules in appropriate form, size, population, and properties. Optimization is easier to be performed if its kinetics equation is known. Wet granulation was conducted in this research. Varied variables were time of granulation and vibration frequency. Granules were fractioned according to their size using standard screens. Cake was scrapped from granulator inside wall. Wet weight of granules and cake then was measured. All granules fractions and cake were dried and their dry weight was measured. Granule populations were counted according to their dry weight for each size fraction. Granule populations were influenced by nucleation kinetics, granule growth kinetics, and breakage kinetics. The changes of granule populations in the beginning of granulation could be predicted by nucleation kinetics and granule growth kinetics since breakage phase has not dominated yet. Granule growth could be approached only by one mechanism, layering. The constants of rate of layering (b) for vibration frequencies of 60, 80, and 100 minute -1 were 0.015064, 0.018403, and 0.021850 mm.minute -1 respectively, while the constants of rate of nucleation (b0) were 28432.86, 50540.77, and 21986.04 granules.minute -1 respectively. Vibration frequency affected the rate of granule growth and nucleation but their quantitative correlations have not been gained yet.
Keywords: Wheat flour, Vibrating drum spray granulator, General population balance, Powder, Granule balance
FORTIFIKASI DEERNOL 33E DAN PI-120 PADA PEREKAT LATEKS KARET ALAM – STIRENA
Dede Heri Yuli Yanto, Widya Fatriasari Z & Euis Hermiati
Abstract
Fortification of Deernol 33E and PI-120 to natural rubber latex-styrene (NRL-St) has been investigated. Fortification was conducted for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 100 percent composition of Deernol 33E and PI-120 to NRL-St, and the physical properties such as solid content, pH, and viscosity were characterized. Fortification was applied to glued laminated timber of Acacia mangium and Hevea brasiliensis to determine cold-water delamination, boiling water delamination, shear strength test, and formaldehyde emission number. The result shows that fortification influences solid content, pH, delamination ratio and shear strength test. Formaldehyde emission of the laminated timber was not detected.
Keywords: Adhesive, Deernol 33E, PI-120, Latex, Delamanition, Shear strength.
ANALISIS KETIDAKPASTIAN PENGUKURAN SUHU PADA PENGUJIAN VACCINE REFRIGERATOR
Dwi Mandaris
Abstract
In this paper, we derived uncertainty in measurement of vaccine refrigerator testing refers to standard of EPI Equipment Performance Specifications and Test Procedure. Analysis method using uncertainty calculates of ISO Guide Uncertainty in Measurements. The uncertainty of temperature measurement with 95% confidence level are determined that room temperature is (32,1±0.1)0C and inside refrigerator temperature are (1.5±0.1)0C to (5.9±0.2)0C at stable running test and (2.2±0.2)0C to (6.7±0.3)0C at Ice pack freezing test. This result improves the quality and validity of testing data.
Keywords: Uncertainty analysis, Uncertainty in Measurement, Testing data, Refrigerator testing, EPI Equipment Standard.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PADAT KATALIS SPENT-CLAY SEBAGAI BAHAN CAMPURAN PEMBUATAN PAVING-BLOCK
Edi Gunawan
Abstract
According to the government regulation no. 85 year 1999, solid waste spent-clay catalyst is categorized as hazardous waste. However, three laboratory tests: Chararacteristic, TCLP, and LD 50 , show that the solid waste has no toxic component. Based on composition test the spent-clay catalyst comprises SiO2 = 29,99%, Al2O3 = 7,72%, and Fe2O3 = 2,25%, that can be utilized as raw materials of paving-block with the mixing composition v/v = 1 : 5 between cement and sand ± catalys. The concrete tension test on paving-block shows the number 11.5 tons of weight, 56,43 Kg/Cm2 of strength test and 20 % of water absorption. These results show that the material is feasible to utilize as paving-block for light burden (pedestrian and the field of ceremony) as recommended by material laboratory of Indonesia University.
EKOLOGI JULANG EMAS (Aceros undulatus Shaw, 1811) PADA MUSIM TIDAK BERBIAK DI NUSAKAMBANGAN, JAWA TENGAH
Hari Nugroho
Abstract
Population Study of the wreathed hornbill (Aceros undulatus Shaw. 1811) at limestone mining concession forest of P.T. Semen Cibinong, Nusakambangan Island was done in October, November and December, 2000. The aim of this research was to study density of A. undulatus and its biotic factors. Line transects method was used to estimate the density of wreathed hornbill. The results show that the density of the population was in the range of 2.2 bird/km2 (October) and 1.9 bird/km2 (December). There was difference in density between transects. Apparently, the density of the bird at the study area was correlated to the distribution of Ficus trees and vertical structure of the forest in the area. Although there were many species of Ficus in the study area, apparently Ficus altissima was the most important food resource for A. undulatus.
Keywords: Wreathed hornbill, Aceros undulatus, Nusakambangan, Ficus altissima
KELAYAKAN IRIGASI EMBUNG PADA USAHA TANI ANGGUR BALI
DI LAHAN KERING
(Studi Kasus Desa Patas Kecamatan Gerokgak Kabupaten Buleleng)
I Ketut Mahaputra
Abstract
The research was carried out in dry land area in Patas Village, district of Gerokgak, Buleleng Regency from August to September 2005. Location and responder determined in intend (purposive sampling) with the responder 20 grapefruit farmer people. Soil fertility on dry land is commonly low, limited water available just depending on rain fall. Poorest farmer live in this area, with low income, so that it will influence to the farming systems in this area, with the traditional and subsistent farming. Poor soil fertility, lack of water are major problem for dry land, it is expected to improve farmers practices to deal with this problem. The farmers in this area increase their productivity by developing embung (water reservoir) for irigation in this land. From this result, water from embung can increase the area and production. Commonly the farmer to plant corn on a small land, and now the farmer with embung irigation can be wider planting area for Bali grapefruit in dry season. From this study, it is found that a good production local grapefruit in embung irrigated area. A feasibility study will be done by using investation criteria such as Net Present Value (NVP), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) with sensitivity analysis. The result of the study show that NVP = Rp. 22.750.181,- , Net B/C = 3,44, and IRR > rate of return applied in the farmers (18%). So that the use of embung irrigation of monoculture grapefruit to be feasible or profitable.
Keywords: Irrigation, Grapefruit, Dry land.
DETEKSI KONSENTRASI ASAM SIALAT DAN GSH PLASMA PADA TIKUS YANG DIINDUKSI KARSINOGENESIS DENGAN
N,2-FLUORENILASETAMIDA (FAA)
Linda Sukmarini Septelia I. Wanandi dan Abinawanto
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to detect the concentration of the sialic acid and GSH on plasma male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) undergoing carcinogenesis. Eighteen male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (6 of each); one group was used as control; the other 2 groups were induced carcinogenesis by FAA with the doses of 20 and 40 µg respectively. Aquabidest (control group) or FAA were administered orally daily for eight weeks. Every two weeks since the study began (week 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8), the blood plasma was taken from each group. At the 4th and 8th week, liver was taken. The following measurements were performed: the concentration of the sialic acid plasma (method of Warren), the GSH plasma (method of Ellman) and the histopathological changes of the liver tissue at the 4th and 8th week. Compared to the control group, group of FAA doses 20 and 40 µg showed a decrease of the GSH plasma concentration and an increase of the sialic acid plasma concentration. Group of carcinogenesis-induced rat with FAA dose 40 µg showed a significant decrease of the GSH plasma concentration since the 2nd week, followed by a significant increase of the sialic acid plasma concentration since the 4th week. Moreover, the histopathological changes of the liver tissues showed evidence of carcinogenesis proceed especially in group of FAA dose 40 µg. These results confirm that carcinogenesis could be initiated by a significant decrease of the GSH concentration and a significant increase of the sialic acid concentration. Further studies are required to determine oxidative damages on bimolecular such as DNA and protein in order to verify the higher damages.
UJI DAYA ANTELMENTIK EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA RIMPANG BANGLE (Zingiber cassumunar) PADA CACING Ascaris suum SECARA IN VITRO
Hari Nugroho
Abstract
The objective of this researh was to investigate the anthelmentics activities of purple ginger (Zingiber cassumunar) against ascaris suum in-vitro by using n-hexane extract. The experiments were carried out by using immersion method. The worm were soaked in extract of purple ginger. One hundred and forty four ascaris worms were divided into 8 groups; each Petri contain 6 worm of ascaris suum the dosage in every Petridish was 1 x LD50 (15,78 mg/100 ml), 2 x LD50 (31,56 mg/100 ml), 4 x LD50 (63,12 mg/100 ml), 8 x LD50 (126,24 mg/100 ml) and 12 x LD50 (189,36 mg/100 ml). The positive control used was pirantel pamoat 250 mg/100 ml and as negative controls were solutions like intestine and carboxy methyl cellulose 0,94% suspension. Anthelmentics investigation was done by counting the deaths of ascaris suum which were emmersed for 24 hours. The mortality rate increased by increasing the dosage; the dosage 15,78 mg/100 ml caused the death of 0,00% ascaris suum, 31,56mg/100 ml caused 11,11%, the dosage 63,12 mg/100 ml caused 22,22%, the dosage 126,24 mg/100 ml caused 11,11%, the dosage 189,3mg/100 ml caused 27,77% equal to 250 mg/100 ml pyrantel pamoat as positive control. The infusion of purple ginger has strongest activity as anthelmentics rather than in alcohol and n-hexane extract forms. Compared to the published activities of the other herbs i.e Artemisia cina, Carica Papaya, Mimordica charantia, Punica granatum, Vitex trifolia, the purple ginger has the strongest activity against ascaris suum worm.
Keywords: Herbs antelmentic, Infusa of herbs, Extract of herbs, Zingiber cassumunar activity, Ascaris suum.
INVENTARISASI TRICHOPTERA DI GUNUNG MERAPI
BAGIAN SELATAN, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Pungki Lupiyaningdyah
Abstract
The research on Trichoptera in Southern Gunung Merapi, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta was conducted on 11-21 July 2005. However, the identification of specimens required 5 months (July 2005 – January 2006). This research was caried out in Sungai Boyong, Desa Turgo. The aims of the research were to collect Trichoptera in southern Gunung Merapi. The collection method used was light trap that was positioned near body river at night. Subsequently, specimens were preserved by two techniques: mounting and ethanol 80% preservations in bottle. The specimens were identified using identification keys of Mosely & Kimmins (1955) and Neboiss (1992). There were 10 species of Trichoptera that could be identified. The dominant spesies was Chimarra sp.
BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BSLT) DARI DAGING BUAH DAN KULIT BIJI MAHKOTA DEWA
(Phaleria macrocarpa)
Vivi Lisdawati
Abstract
Biological activity of a natural product involved in several certain characteristics will influence its pharmaceutical application. Secondary metabolites, considered as chemical compounds, are now thought to mediate plant defense mechanism by providing chemical barriers against animal and microbial predators. Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method has been used as preliminary test for screening the activity of chemical compounds in n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from mesocarp and seeds of Phaleria macrocarpa, fam. Thymelaeaceae. BSLT method used the shrimp larvas of Artemia salina Leach to study the mortality effect that was caused by the sample extracts. All of the crude extracts showed bioactivity with LC50 values from 0.16 to 11.83 µg/ml (baseline 1000 µg/ml). It means, at the concentrations the crude extract can cause 50% mortality of Artemia salina L. shrimp larvas, after 24 hours incubation. These results clearly indicate that crude extracts of Phaleria macrocarpa showed high potential biological activity.
PENDEKATAN SIDIK JARI RESERVOIR UNTUK MENDETERMINASI ALOKASI PRODUKSI SUMUR 4 COMMINGLE
Yenny Meliana
Abstract
The geochemical reservoir techniques become operative to predict allocation production for commingle production of multiple pay zones. The calculation of commingle production allocation for multiple payzones (4 layers) can be done using reservoir geochemical approach with GC and GCMS fingerprints peaks. The height of these peaks were measured and calculated by the ratio of the adjacent. The prediction results of well XYZ with 4 layers have shown that the first layer (Sand A) had have dominant contribution compared to other layers. The prediction of oil allocation production results calculated from Sand A,B,C and D were approximately 40:20:20:20 to 71:10:10:9 (from 1 to 4 years later). The positive correlation was performed between unknown oil-1 with Mix A (the compositions derived from prediction Oil 1) and Oil-2 with Mix B (the compositions derived from prediction Oil 2) was validated result of prediction.
Keywords: Reservoir geochemistry, Commingle, Reservoir oil fingerprint, Artificial Neural Networks
IDENTIFIKASI NYAMUK ANOPHELES DI DESA KALIKARUNG
KECAMATAN KALIBAWANG KABUPATEN WONOSOBO
Jarohman Raharjo, Bambang Yunianto & Tri Ramadhani
Abstract
Kalikarung, Kalibawang district, is the one of the malaria endemic village in Wonosobo regency. The total of people suffered from malaria increased in 3 years periode in 2001 (33 o/oo), 2002 (43,3 o/oo ) and 2003 (76,12 o/oo ). Mosquito that were confirmated as the vector in Wonosobo were A. aconitus and A. maculatus in Wonosobo regency, but the vector in Kalikarung wasn’t recognized yet. That’s why, the survey of Anopheles, specially in malaria spreading was conducted.
The research was done in dukuh Plabuhan Kalikarung for seven months between April anc Oktober 2004. Catching mosquitos by using landing collection method was conducted once every two weeks. The activity was held from 06.00 pm until 06.00 am ; 40 minutes each inside and outside the house; and 10 minutes each on the wall and in the cages.
The result of cacth can find by six species Anopheles is A. aconitus (79,1%), A. vagus (16,75%), A. maculatus (0,16%), A. barbirostris (3,18%), A.annularis (0,73%) dan A. kochi (0,21%) .
Keywords: Identication, Anopheles, Malaria.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN FREKUENSI SUARA UNTUK MENARIK NYAMUK Aedes aegypti (L.)
Roy Nusa Rahagus Edo Santya
Abstract
The study of the effectiveness of the sounds frequency for atracting Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquitoes was carried out in the laboratory of Entomology, IPB Bogor from February-April 2005. The aim of this study was to examine effectiveness of sound trap for atracting of Aedes aegypti. The method of this study was done by comparing the captured A. aegypti between treatments. There were 3 treatments experiment (a) the mosquito population exposed by the record of wing mosquito sound, (b) by the tuning fork, and (c) control. Those treatments were observed in the same time. The result showed that the mosquito population exposed by tuning fork was statistically significant (F=12,5, df=2, p=0,000). However, the mosquito population that was exposed by the sound recorded was not significantly.
INVENTARISASI PENUTUP LAHAN DI LOKASI RENCANA KILANG MINYAK KOTA PAREPARE MENGGUNAKAN CITRA SATELIT IKONOS
Sarip Hidayat
Abstract
This research was conducted to mapping boundary layer, inventory of land cover, building, high power transmission network in oil refinery site plant, Parepare. The output will be used for preparation of AMDAL and land release documents. Remote sensing data from IKONOS satellite were used to ceate the map through visual on screen classification method. Objects that can not be distinguished using this satellite data, can be confirmed from field surveys. The result of this research is information and thematic map. The information describes type of land cover, size of land cover, type and number of other physical objects like building and high power transmission network. Thematic map that has been produced consisted of boundary and land cover maps. these thematic map has been laid out using 1 : 5,000 scale on 91 cm x 98 cm paper.
Keywords: Remote Sensing, IKONOS, Parepare, Oil refinery.
KARAKTERISTIK DIURNAL KONVEKSI ATMOSFER
DI ATAS KOTOTABANG
Didi Satiadi
Abstract
Convective activities over Kototabang Atmospheric Observation Station were observed using a number of instruments, including the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR), X-Band Radar, Radiometer, Radiosonde, Optical Rain Gauge (ORG), and satellite images. Observation data for about three years period (2001 – 2004) were collected and processed producing diurnal profiles and probability profiles of the observed convection variables, including updraft wind, spectral width, air density, rain rate, and Convective Available Potential Energy/Convective Inhibition Energy (CAPE/CINH). The results showed the occurrence of vertical structures of convection tower over Kototabang. Updraft wind probability profile showed that convective activities would occur mostly after midday. The profile showed qualitatively good correlations with the probability profiles of spectral width, air density, rain rate and CAPE, which generally increased after midday. This investigation concluded that convective activities over Kototabang were suspected to be affected by a combination between topographic effects and atmospheric instabilities.
PERANCANGAN PROTOTIPE USER INTERFACE GIS WEB BERTEKNOLOGI AJAX (ASYNCHRONOUS JAVASCRIPT AND xml)
Bambang Setiadi
Abstract
Providing interactive user interface is a major problem in Web Geographic Information System (GIS) application development. The stateless nature of HTTP protocol caused the interaction between user and web application less flexible compared to desktop GIS applications. In order to improve the interaction, a prototype Web GIS user interface is designed using AJAX (Asynchronous Javascript and XML) technology. AJAX is a new model of Web programming which use other mature Web technology such as JavaScript, XML, CSS and DOM to facilitate a better user interaction. This paper presents the design of a user interface prototype that integrate AJAX into MapServer GIS to create an interactive Web GIS application.
Keywords: GIS, HTTP, AJAX, asynchronous, Javascript, XML, DOM, CSS, MapServer.
TINGKAT KEMAMPUAN TEKNOLOGI
USAHA KECIL MENENGAH (UKM) LOGAM DAN PERMESINAN:
STUDI KASUS PT GAP DAN PT KP
Chichi Shintia Laksani
Abstract
At the present, Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) become one of the sectors which is considered by government in Indonesian economy. This consideration is caused by the big contribution of SMEs to the national value added, GDP growth, number of company, and absorption of labors. Unfortunately, SMEs in Indonesia frequently face several problems. Based on a research done by The Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Kadin), one of SMEs problems is technology. So this research attempts to measure technological capability in SMEs, focusing in Indonesian metal and machinery industry. It was carried out by case study in PT. GAP and PT. KP. Based on technological capability measurement model that developed by Center for Research in Innovation and Management (CENTRIM), this research found that the technological capability in PT. GAP is categorized as strategic company and PT. KP is categorized as creative company.
RANCANGAN DESAIN DAN SIMULASI KOMPUTER PRIBADI LAMA
SEBAGAI plc (PROGRAMMABLE lOGIC CONTROLLER) SEDERHANA
Rahadyan Lingga Laksita
Abstract
The old computers (486 or 386 series) have not widely been used anymore, because the specification does not support to do installing the ultimate software. Those computers now are not valuable and even they become junks at office warehouses and houses. By reprogramming the old computers to have another function : such as database processor, cashier’s machine, or as a simple PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), their functions and uses can be reoptimized. The result of reprogramming the old computers is a design of a simple PLC that can be used to control electrical devices. To simulate the design, Electronic Workbench version 5.12 is used.
Keywords: Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Logika Boolean, Port Pararel, Port Serial, Desain dan Simulasi.
PENGGUNAAN JARINGAN SARAF TIRUAN
UNTUK MENGIDENTIFIKASI BAHASA DOKUMEN
Purnomo Husnul Khotimah, Esa Prakarsa, Edi Kurniawan dan Taufiq Wirahman
Abstract
In general, language translators or search engines in the Internet identify a document language from its label or hyperlink or human direction. In this paper, we will present how to develop an artificial neural network to identify the document language by means of 4 distinctor variables which are extracted from the document. They are vowel distribution per sentence, consonant distribution per sentence, average of the sum of vowels per word, and average of the sum of consonants per word. The languages used in the development are Indonesian, Malaysian, English, German, Italian, and Portuguese. The training and testing of the artificial neural network were done by grouping the languages into 3 groups: 2 groups consisting of languages from different language family and 1 group consisting of mixed languages from the same and different language family. The result showed that only 1 group of languages from different family came out with 88% accuracy. The rest of the group showed lower accuray, i.e. 43% and 57%. In addition, the group with the best accuracy percentage also showed a phenomenon that is the more sentences are given to the artificial neural network, the better the accuracy percentage will be.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN SISTEM PEMASARAN PETERNAK KAMBING TERHADAP PROGRAM PERWILAYAHAN KOMODITAS DI DAERAH TINGKAT II JENEPONTO
Andi Yulyani Fadwiwati
Abstract
Income Analysis and marketing sistem of Goat Breeders Through Commodity Zone Program in Jeneponto Regency . This study aimed to find the goat breeding system through commodity zone program in Jeneponto regency, the income obtained by the goat breeders who joined or did not join the program, and the marketing system of the goat. The collection of sample was done by purposive random sampling. The results of the study indicated that the goat breeding system through the program was done intensively, the income of the breeders who joined or did not join the program was different as it was shown by t – test, namely ZC + 2,2228. The B/C ratio for the breeders who joined the program was 2,8, whereas for the breeders who did not join the program, the B/C ratio was 1,7. The result of study also indicated that the marketing system of the goat through this program was only done through one channel.
Keywords: Income, Marketing sistem, Goat breeders through commodity zone.
ANALISIS EKONOMI
PERMINTAAN DAGING AYAM BROILER
DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
(1998—2003)
Eko Priyotomo
Abstract
The research was aimed to study the demand for chicken meat in the Yogyakarta Province. The objectives this research were to know influence factors against demand of chicken meat. This eksplanatory research was conducted with quantitative method. This rearch based secondary time series data of 1998-2003 period. Analisys result was showed that : price of chicken meat, egg, rice gived negative influence against demand of meat chicken; price of cattle meat and income gived positive influence against demand of chicken meat. Chicken meat was nornal goods, and had substitution relationship with meat cattle.
STUDI KOMPARATIF KONDISI LOKASI TRANSMIGRASI DILIHAT DARI ASPEK SOSIAL EKONOMI
Endang Welasasih
Abstract
This research study analyze the trasmigration location from social and economic aspect. The data showed the economic condition, social culture, environment phsysics, social integration, the activity and the social institution service at one of the UPT which is expected to give the successful of UPT efforts. The collecting data method using the distribution of UPT questioner, questioner socialization, and data validation in Province level, and then continuing to Transmigrasi Unit in Kabupaten Level. The data colleted from Sumatera Selatan and Kalimantan Timur provinces. The descriptif analization of these datas from some indicators which can be predicted related to the conditional developing issues at the time being. The Strategy of UPT have to develop in the future time regarding to the effectiveness and efficiency of the UPT educating efforts, also the anticipation efforts for attracting the society participation and also together with the investor to develop the UPT. Based on that matters, the land interest status, the infrastructures such as bridge and irrigation facility should be as the important attentions in UPT development and supported by the change of business field at transmigration area in trade farming result or in other home industries.
Keywords: Status of land, Social economic, Transmigration, Social intregation.
PENANGANAN ANAK JALANAN MELALUI
PELAYANAN SOSIAL RUMAH SINGGAH
Isye Sri Rahayu
Abstract
The problem of street children related to Indonesian People poverty. Poor families who live in urban slump areas create unsupported environment for children, so that living, playing and going to street become the best choices and earning money in the same time. This pattern of life then spreads to other so that the number of street children increases and they create street children community. Shelter plays an important role in handling this problem because this program can reduce the time street children spend on the streets. One of shelter functions is to promote street is very complex, integrated approaches that can reach problem source and affect environment are needed.
ANALISIS FINANSIAL USAHA TANI POLA TATA AIR MIKRO
DI KECAMATAN ANGGANA KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA
Sriwulan P. Rahayu, Dhyani Nastiti.P dan Nurbani
Abstract
The BPTP of East Kalimantan, since it was established in 1995/1996, has produced many technology packages resulted from R&D of field technology in order to give recommendation on specific location. The aims of this research were to find out whether the micro water design introduced by BPTP in 1999/2000 was feasible to be developed and whether it was financially beneficial (or not). This research was conducted from July to December 2004 in Kecamatan Anggana, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. The results shaved : (1) The R/C of cooperator farmers was 1.36, slightly higer than rhat of non cooperator farmers which was 1.17; and cooperator farmers’ income was Rp 1,09,830.97, whereas non cooperator farmers’ income was Rp 475,123.96. (2) The marginal B/C number was 2.06 (3) The breakeven point of the production was 1,890 kg/ha (4) The breakeven point of the price was Rp 974.94/kg.
Keywords: The micro water design, Feasible, The financially beneficial.
KAJIAN MINAT TRANSMIGRAN
TERHADAP PROGRAM JAMINAN SOSIAL TENAGA KERJA
(Studi Kasus di Permukiman Transmigrasi Pola Perkebunan)
Dhatun Kuswandari
Abstract
For formal labour, social security has been ruled by Law No. 3 th 1992 about Social Security for Workers. Social security for informal labour will be ruled by government rule (PP). These days, design of PP about social security for informal labour still in progress. As an informal labour in the field of agriculture, transmigrants were one of labour groups which become a target of the implementation of social security programme. This study was carried out to understand the animo and knowledge of transmigrant about the jamsostek programme. The methods was case study in transmigration area in UPT Tebing Tinggi III, Jambi Province. The result of this study was the transmigrant from UPT Tebing Tinggi III wish to follow jamsostek programme. They also understand about the kind of the programme, but not the detail programme.
DISEMINASI TEKNOLOGI BUDI DAYA JAGUNG SUKMARAGA
DI UNIT PERMUKIMAN TRANSMIGRASI (UPT) TEBANG KACANG. SP 1 PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT
Ismi Nurmawati
Abstract
Location specific technology, especially in the field of area productivity, which fix with the agroecology, socials, and economy, need to be introduced in case of community development in transmigration area. This technology can be found from the community or introduced by BPTP. This study was carried out in UPT Tebang Kacang SP 1. Kec. Sei Raya, Kab. Pontianak, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. This area was one of the area which specialized as relocation area of the victims of 1999 Sambas riot. Community ethnic in the relocation area was Madura, with amount of 500 K. . Sukmaraga corn was the technology which was selected to introduced in this area, because the used to plant local corn and want to plant intoduction corn. Result of the implementation was Sukmaraga corn could produced to 6 ton/ha and most of the transmigrant could adopted the technology. Some kendala during the dissemination was the limitation of the modal and saprodi which owned by the farmmers.
Keywords: Dissemination, Sukmaraga corn, Transmigration.
KERAGAAN HASIL SEMBILAN VARIETAS PADI SAWAH DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PENDAPATAN USAHA TANI
Moh. Saeri
Abstract
An Experiment was conducted in lowland Tegalsari Village Malang District Province of East Java, from July to December 2004. The objective of this experiment was to identify potential yields and adaptation of nine paddy varieties in lowland. The experiment used a Randomized Complete Design (RCD) with three replications. Nine varieties of paddy were testified in this experiment namely is included IR-64 variety as a control. The plots’ size were 6 m x 5 m with spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm. Types of fertilizers used were 400 kg of Urea, 100 kg of SP-36, and 100 kg of KCl/ha. Results of the experiment showed that Cisantana, Sunggal Cibogo, and Cigelis Varieties produced high grain yields each of 11,6 t/ha; 11,4 t/ha; 11,1 t/ha; and 11,0 t/ha, respectively. On the other hand, grain yield of IR-64 as a variaty of control was 10.7 t/ha. While the Conde, Fatmawati, Cimelati, and Gilirang Varietas give lower grain yields of variety of control, that is successively 10,6 t / ha, 10,6 t / ha, 10,4 t / ha and 9,9 t/ha. Result of economic analysis from nine of varieties wich test, Cisantana was gived contributed high profit is Rp 7.568.000,- and than low profit is Fatmawati (Rp 4.103.000,-), each of varieties to gived contributed of profite is Sunggal (Rp 7.353.000,-) Cibogo (Rp 7.028.000,-), Cigelis (Rp 6.920.000,-), IR-64 (Rp 6.596.000,-), Conde (Rp 6.466.000,-), Cimelati (Rp 6.272.000,-) and Gilirang (Rp 5.732.000,-). The nine of varieties feasible of economically for develop in Malang lowland.
ANALISIS HUKUM PROSES PENJUALAN SAHAM
PT INDOMOBIL SUKSES INTERNATIONAL, Tbk
Tri Widya Kurniasari
Abstract
At the end of 2001, Badan Penyehatan Perbankan Nasional (BPPN) trough PT Holdiko Perkasa sold PT Indomobil Sukses International, Tbk’s shares. However, in the process of shares purchase there is a presumption of the collusion between PT Holdiko Perkasa as the purchase tender organizer with PT Cipta Sarana Duta Perkasa as the tender winner which caused this country lost hundred billion rupiahs.
This research is using the qualitative methode, not only with the document and the policy study but also in depth interview with the people who are directly involved in this case. Therefore, this research attempts to analyze if there was any violation of Article 22 the Act Number 5 of 1999 regarding Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition.
The Supreme Court’s verdict as the final finishing case could be the law reference for the same cases. Not only that, this verdict also showed us that we must make the revision to the whole of our policies, especially in the business sector in order to creating a conducive and fair economical condition in the country.
Keywords: Che collusion, unfair business competition, Regulation.
RELASI TNI-POLRI DALAM
PENANGANAN TERORISME ERA MEGAWATI
Sarah Nuraini Siregar
Abstract
The separation of Indonesian Armed Forces and Police as stipulated in TAP MPR No. VI/2000, has created a dilemmatic problem. This problem has begun when the duty between them showed that Police’s responsibility is in security area, and the Indonesian Armed Forces’s duty is in defence area. From those main concerns, it creates incomprehensible duty between them, mainly when they undertake terrorism problem during Megawati’s government era.
The study analyzes the relation of coordination and function between them has undertakes on those era by means of qualitative research method. The result show that there are still has incomprehensible duty and function between them, mainly when they coped with terrorism. This problem is mainly caused by weak legal instrument that still has not clearly regulated the relation between them.
PEMAKAIAN BAHASA DALAM KAWIN CAMPUR
PADA MASYARAKAT HAMAP DI ALOR – NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Fanny Henry Tondo
Abstract
Pluralism in language can be found in many parts of eastern Indonesia including in East Nusa Tenggara.. Hamap people, for instance, a speech community located in Moru, the district of Alor, East Nusa Tenggara, can speak more than one language. Those are Hamap itself (their own mother tongue) and some surrounding languages such as Abui, Kui, Kelon, and Indonesia as well. The phenomena like this is called multilingualism. Many factors have caused it occurring in the community. One of them is mix marriage. Language contact can not be avoided in the situation so that languages in the area influence one another. This research aims to describe the language usage in mix marriage and to explain all factors that affect the language choosing of Hamap people. The method used in this study is descriptive-qualitative. Data collection is conducted by doing direct observation and interview towards the informants. The study shows that Hamap is an easily adaptable community in relation to the languages they will use to speak to others. First of all, they watch the origin of people who speak to them before making a decision which language they are going to use. The decision is determined by several factors such as flexibility, effectivity and efficiency in communication, and language maintenance and reinforcement.
Keywords: Mix marriage, Multilingualism, Speech community.
PENGARUH UTANG LUAR NEGERI TERHADAP
PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA
Nurlia Listiani
Abstract
The condition of Indonesian foreign debt has been showing bad signs. It is reflected from the big amount of position of foreign debt and indicator of foreign debt which has exceeded the limit of international warning indicator. This condition is worsening by lack of structural government foreign debt, which is shown from increasing in commercial foreign debt either in international or domestic market, and also private sectors debt significantly. The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the impact of foreign debt on economic growth and the factors that can influence the economic growth in Indonesia.
The model used in this paper is a single equation model in the form linier regression model. Variables that predicted affect economic growth are foreign debt as ratio from PDB, foreign investment as ratio from PDB, domestic saving as ratio from PDB, export as ratio from PDB, the growth of labor force, and dummy variable which indicate crisis and non crisis. The hypothesis in this research is foreign debt has positive and significant effect to economic growth.
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